Flashcards
1.2 Film Study
Cards in this deck (59)
- 1DirectorSomeone who directs the making of a film (e.g. Lee Daniels)
- 2ActorSomeone who plays a character in a film
- 3LightingLighting is used throughout all movies, to create different atmospheres and mood, and can reinforce what the characters are feeling. It creates shadows and contrasts that give different effects.
- 4Natural lightingNatural lighting usually means that the film/scene has been shot at the location with the main lighting just being sunlight. Producers can also use soft diffuses to make a scene appear to be natural.
- 5Key lightingKey Lighting is when the light is directed towards the front of the target object. It is used to make the audience focus on the foreground and the object that is highlighted.
- 6Fill lightFill Light is used by Producers to reduce contrast in a scene. The light is directed at the side of the subject to soften the shadows that are made by the key source of lighting.
- 7Back lightingBack Lighting illuminates the back of the subject. It causes the edges of the subject (e.g. Actor) to glow. It is used to show the background of the view.
- 8Low KeyLow key Lighting is used to illustrate a foreboding mood and is often used to portray dramatic scenes. It uses light and shadow to express this mood effectively.
- 9High KeyHigh Key Lighting is used to display a cheerful and buoyant scene. It is free of dark shadows.
- 10Silhouette LightingThis is when a dark object is in front of a very bright background. It is usually used to express a dark/foreboding scene.
- 11SoundSound is used in movies to set the mood. It can be used to dramatize a scene or make it appear peaceful. It controls how you feel as you watch the film. The sound can be live (diegetic) or it can be added later over the top (non-diegetic sound).
- 12Direct/Diegetic SoundThis is live sound. It makes the scene appear more authentic. This can also be ambient sound which includes the background noise in the sound track.
- 13Non-DiegeticThis is sound that has been added to the soundtrack and can be theme music or voice overs. It is used to make to film more believable and it can't be in the scene at the time it was shot.
- 14MusicMusic is used a lot to set the mood and can be used to further reinforce and illustrate the point that the producer wants the audience to see. The pace of the music usually sets the pace of the scene cuts.
- 15Sound EffectsSound that is dubbed in scenes to make it sound more dramatic and realistic.
- 16Sound BridgeA Sound Bridge is when the sound from a scene carries over or overlaps onto the next scene, or vice versa.
- 17CinematographerThe cinematography is the chief over the camera and lighting crews of the film.
The cinematographer does not usually operate the camera, but directs and works closely with the camera operator and other camera staff. - 18Long shotShot which shows all or most of a fairly large subject (for
example, a person) and usually much of the surroundings. - 19Establishing shotOpening shot or sequence, frequently an exterior
'General View' as an Extreme Long Shot (ELS). Used to set the scene. - 20Medium shotsMedium Shot or Mid-Shot (MS). In such a shot the subject
or actor and its setting occupy roughly equal areas in the frame. - 21Close-upA picture which shows a fairly small part of the scene,
such as a character's face, in great detail so that it fills the screen. It
abstracts the subject from a context - 22Shot AnglesLow
Eye-Level
High
Worms Eye
Canted
Birds Eye - 23Point-of-view shotA shot made from a camera position close to the line of sight of a performer who is to be watching the action shown in the point-of-view shot.
- 24Two-shotA shot of two people together.
- 25Selective focusRendering only part of the action field in sharp focus
through the use of a shallow depth of field - 26Soft focusAn effect in which the sharpness of an image, or part of it, is
reduced by the use of an optical device. - 27Wide-angle shotA shot of a broad field of action taken with a wide-angle
lens. - 28Tilted shotWhen the camera is tilted on its axis so that normally vertical lines appear slanted to the left or right, ordinary expectations are frustrated.
- 29Following panThe camera swivels (in the same base position) to follow a
moving subject. A space is left in front of the subject: the pan 'leads' rather
than 'trails' - 30Surveying panThe camera slowly searches the scene: may build to a
climax or anticlimax. - 31TiltA vertical movement of the camera - up or down- while the camera
mounting stays fixed. - 32CrabThe camera moves (crabs) right or left.
- 33Tracking (dollying)Tracking involves the camera itself being moved
smoothly towards or away from the subject (contrast with zooming). - 34Hand-held cameraA hand-held camera can produce a jerky, bouncy,
unsteady image which may create a sense of immediacy or chaos. Its use is
a form of subjective treatment. - 35Process shotA shot made of action in front of a rear projection screen
having on it still or moving images as a background. - 36CutSudden change of shot from one viewpoint or location to another.
- 37Matched cutIn a 'matched cut' a familiar relationship between the shots may make the change seem smooth
- 38Jump cutAbrupt switch from one scene to another which may be used deliberately to make a dramatic point
- 39Motivated cutCut made just at the point where what has occurred makes
the viewer immediately want to see something which is not currently
visible (causing us, for instance, to accept compression of time). - 40Cutting rateFrequent cuts may be used as deliberate interruptions to
shock, surprise or emphasize. - 41Cutting rhythmA cutting rhythm may be progressively shortened to
increase tension. Cutting rhythm may create an exciting, lyrical or
staccato effect in the viewer. - 42Cross-cutA cut from one line of action to another. Also applied as an
adjective to sequences which use such cuts. - 43Cutaway shotA bridging, intercut shot between two shots of the same subject. It represents a secondary activity occurring at the same time as the main action.
- 44Reaction shotAny shot, usually a cutaway, in which a participant reacts
to action which has just occurred. - 45Insert shotA bridging close-up shot inserted into the larger
context, offering an essential detail of the scene (or a reshooting of the action with a different shot size or angle.) - 46Buffer shot (neutral shot)A bridging shot (normally taken with a separate camera) to separate two shots which would have reversed the continuity of direction.
- 47Fade, dissolve (mix)Both fades and dissolves are gradual transitions
between shots. In a fade the picture gradually appears from (fades in) or disappears to (fades out) a blank screen. - 48SuperimpositionsTwo of more images placed directly over each other
(e.g. and eye and a camera lens to create a visual metaphor). - 49WipeAn optical effect marking a transition between two shots. It appears to supplant an image by wiping it off the screen (as a line or in some complex pattern, such as by appearing to turn a page).
- 50InsetAn inset is a special visual effect whereby a reduced shot is
superimposed on the main shot. Often used to reveal a close-up detail of the main shot. - 51Split screenThe division of the screen into parts which can show the
viewer several images at the same time (sometimes the same action from 10 slightly different perspectives, sometimes similar actions at different times). - 52Stock shotFootage already available and used for another purpose than the one for which it was originally filmed
- 53Screen timea period of time represented by events within a film (e.g. a
day, a week). - 54Subjective timeThe time experienced or felt by a character in a film, as
revealed through camera movement and editing (e.g. when a frightened person's flight from danger is prolonged). - 55Compressed timeThe compression of time between sequences or scenes,
and within scenes. - 56Long takeA single shot (or take, or run of the camera) which lasts for a relatively lengthy period of time
- 57Simultaneous timeEvents in different places can be presented as occurring at the same moment, by parallel editing or cross-cutting, by multiple images or split-screen.
- 58Slow motionAction which takes place on the screen at a slower rate than the rate at which the action took place before the camera.
- 59FlashbackA break in the chronology of a narrative in which events from the past are disclosed to the viewer.
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- NCEA Level 1 English Flashcards on 1.2 Film Study, created by Jared.Simmons on 17/07/2015.
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