Flashcards
Joints (HMA)
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1Three types of jointsfibrous - fixed
cartilaginous - slightly moveable
synovial - moveable - 2three types of fixed joints1. Sutures – between bones of the skull
2. Synchondrosis – cartilaginous joint between two fixed joints (sternum)
3. Gomphosis – joint between root of teeth and sockets in maxilla/mandible - 3What are suture joints?connected by fibrous connective tissue. Edges fit together like a puzzle. Small amount of movement possible because the slight flexibility in the joints absorb shock and help protect the brain
- 4two types of slightly moveable jointsSymphyses – symphysis pubis (hip bones) and joints formed by intervertebral discs
Syndesmoses – tibia and fibula joined together by connective tissues- generally a ligament - 5types of moveable joints (only names)hinge, gliding, ball and socket
- 6hinge jointFlexion/extension, restricted to one plane. Other direction restricted by strong ligaments
- 7gliding jointGliding movements, bones meet at flat articulating surfaces and slide over each other allowing a range of movement in a direction along the plane of the joint
- 8ball and socket jointFlexion/extension/adduction, Abduction/internal and external rotation. One bone with a spherical head and the other with a cup-like socket
- 9leversact as force or distance, magnifiers depending on position of depending on position of fulcrum, load and effort
Created by bones, ligaments and muscles
Joint forms the fulcrum and the muscles crossing the joint apply a force to move a weight or resistance - 10synovial fluidclear yellowish liquid lubricates inside of joint capsule and reduces frictions between articulating surfaces, secreted by synovial membrane. Acts as shock absorber and provides nourishment
- 11joint capsuledouble layered membrane around synovial joint. Continuous with the periosteum
- 12ligamentsaid joint stability holding articulating bones together
- 13synovial membranelines interior of joint capsule, secrete synovial fluid
- 14articular cartilageprotective layer covering articulating bone surfaces, reduces friction and wear. Resists compression and spreads load over wide area reducing stress at bone contact points
- 15tendonsconnective tissues connecting muscle to the bone, they transmit the mechanical force of muscle contraction
- 16antagonistic musclesmuscle that opposes the action of another
- 17flexorscontract and pull on the bone, creating a bending movement of the joint
- 18extensorsmuscles that contract to extend and straightening joint
- 19originend of the muscle which is attached to a fixed bone (greater mass and does not move)
- 20insertionend of the muscle that is attached to the bone with moves (less mass and greater motion)
- 21What is osteroathritis?Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease which results in a breakdown of the articular cartilage in a joint. The cartilage is broken down faster than it is replaced as a result of changes in the collagen and glycoprotein.
- 22What is osteoathritis?Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease affecting the cartilage and bone in joints while rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease involving an inflammatory response in joints leading to tissue damage and swelling. As it is degenerative, it often results in chronic pain.
- 23Advantages of hip replacement surgeryRelief from long term pain
Reduced drug intake
Increased mobility
Restore normal activity and quality of life - 24Disadvantages of hip replacement surgerySurgical risks such as increased risk of blood clot and infection
Long recovery period
Increased risk of hip dislocation
Replacement joint could fail after 15-20 years and there are increased risks with second replacement - 25What is rheumatoid arthritis?This is a result of genetic and environmental factors. The immune system recognises proteins in the tissues of the joint as being antigenic. This results in sever inflammation of the joint together with an increased blood flow. The affected joint become swollen, painful and movement is severely restricted.
- 26Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis• The injection of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs into the joint
• Physiotherapy
• Surgery
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- A level Biology (HUMAN MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY) Flashcards on Joints (HMA), created by Aafreen Butt on 14/06/2021.
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- Aafreen Butt
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