33069994
Description
Flashcards by Victoria M, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Victoria M
over 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 5 characteristics of civilization | 1)Record keeping 2)Advanced technologies 3)Advanced cities 4)specialized workers 5)complex institutions |
| What was the impact of the Neolithic revolution? | It allowed everyday citizens of the civilization to practice agriculture, like farming, raising animals, and building new improved tools. |
| What were some characteristics of the ancient civilization? | 1)Economic structure that supports division of labor 2)Kingdoms and other political units ruled larger regions 3)Development of cities, writing, and social class systems (castes) |
| What about Mesopotamia? | Mesopotamia was the 1st civilization: -pottery and metal industry -agriculture required -class system -Religion included polytheistic and punishment -60 minutes and seconds |
| What were the river civilizations? | -Nile river-Egypt -Indus river-trade in China/India -China isolated itself and had organization -yellow river-Chinese civilization started |
| What happened in 1000 B.C.E? | River civilizations began to decline due to unknown reasons. |
| What happened in Israel? | Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were formed in this region. |
| Important things to know about Judaism: | -Monotheistic religion that believes in the Old Testament -the Torah is the law -believed in a mortal "messiah", not Jesus -one of the oldest world religions |
| 1000 BCE- 500 CE: | Classical period (China, etc.) |
| What were the Chinese dynasties in order? | Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing |
| What was the dynastic circle? | A belief that everything repeats: Dynasty begins and improves many things, encounters challenges and declines, new dynasty established. |
| What was the Mandate of Heaven? | A right to rule by god; used by the Zhou to overthrow the Shang |
| What happened in 402-202 BCE? | This was the warring states period that lasted throughout the Zhou and Qin dynasties. |
| Who was Shi Huangdi? | He was the first emperor of China, and he: -rebuilt and improved the great wall -terracotta warriors in his death -practiced centralized power -burned books/forced labor |
| What did each and every dynasty do? | They all expanded China's territory and established efficient government. |
| What was Confucianism? | About Confucianism: -believed virtue led to a great life -believed superiors deserved respect -leaders needed to have modesty -invented by Confucius (K'ung Fu Tse) |
| What was Legalism? | About the Qin Dynastie's legalism: -got rid of Confucianism -thought that human nature is evil -makes the law the priority -never reaches large popularity |
| What was Daoism? | About Lao-zi's Daoism: -combines harmony and spirituality -way of nature - nature contains a divine impulse/desire |
| What were China's advancements? | China was ahead of the rest of the world, math, astrology, accurate calendar |
| How did China's society and economy work? | A noticeable gap between rich and poor decided who got which jobs. The silk road also allowed sales and trade to increase. |
| What was Hinduism? | Hinduism had no founder and: -it was a philosophy and lifestyle -Vedas and Upanishads were holy books |
| Who were the Aryans? | The Aryans were people who invaded from the north, and their culture mingled with the natives who were already there. |
| What was the Mauryan Empire? | It was led by Chandragupta Maurya and it increased centralized government. He had a large army and police. |
| Why was Ashoka important? | He was a powerful commander who expanded the empire. However, the battle of Kalinga in 260 BC caused him to convert and spread Buddhism. |
| About India's trade and economy: | -full of agriculture -built roads and canals -provinces for government purposes -traded silk, cotton, and spices to Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, and Rome |
| About Buddhism: | -Was spread by pillar edicts -protected animals -built schools and universities |
| About the Gupta Empire: | -Jainism was widely believed -Chandra and Samudra Gupta created peace by kicking out invaders -wealthy empire due to economy |
| Gupta Social Life: | -wealthy civilization -Hinduism was the main religion -forced labor and child marriage became common -women lost many rights |
| What was Greece's government? | City-states that self-governed were the norm. They joined together to fight Persia and celebrate. Sparta and Athens were the most powerful. |
| Greek Philosophy: | 3 main philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. |
| What was the Hellenistic period? | A time where Alexander the Great encouraged Greek and Middle eastern cultures to combine. |
| How did Rome form? | Rome broke off from Greece and became a republic. They fought Carthage for sea access. |
| How did the Roman government work? | Republican government ruled by the senate and the people. Women also gained economic power, but this eventually eroded. |
| The Roman downfall. | A series of unstable emperors, economy, and the split between west and east led to the empire being invaded. |
| What was Christianity's role? | Christianity was previously rejected by the Romans, but later they widely accepted it due to rising popularity and beliefs. |
| What are the 5 pillars of Islam? | 1)Acceptance-be a good follower 2)Prayer-pray 5 times a day 3)Ramadan-fast from sunrise to sunset 4)Zakat-be charitable to the less fortunate 5)Hajj-travel to Mecca at least once. |
| How did Bedouin culture influence Muslim culture? | The Bedouins' culture of herding, traveling, and fighting paired well with the Muslims. |
| Who was Muhammad, and what did he do? | Muhammad was adopted by his family. He founded Islam after receiving a vision from Allah. His wife, along with other supporters helped him spread and convert others to Islam. He lived and ruled Mecca until his death. |
| Where did Islam spread to? | The Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. They never went eastward because of Hindu resistance. |
| What happened after Muhammad's death? | The Umayyads had trouble with choosing the next successor. The conquest for Islam conversion eventually stopped due to other empires. Ali was rejected by Umayyads, but his descendants wanted him to be the next successor. |
| What was Europe like in the Middle Ages? | Europe was a borrowing culture that had similar things to other empires. Muslims tried enslaving them because they were thought to be barbarians. |
| What were the regional states of Europe? | -Holy Roman Empire -France's Capetian Dynasty -Italy/Spain form states: renaissance foundation |
| Why was Europe contained? | Large fear of Arab invasion. Western Europe was also constantly invaded. However, the church was powerful and stable. |
| Who was Clovis, and what did he do? | Clovis becomes Christian and improves monasteries and agriculture. |
| Charlemagne's importance: | Charlemagne was crowned emperor of the Holy Roman empire. He also restored widespread education. |
| How did the Byzantine Empire start? | -began move to Constantinople in the 4th century -government control increased -New law code for everyone -Justinian was in charge -by the 10th century, it was extremely powerful |
| What was Byzantine society like? | -resembled China -large trade network -preserved past knowledge |
| What was the Byzantine split? | -Constantinople Christianity (east) -Rome (west) -excommunication led to distance |
| How did the Byzantine empire decline? | -Turkish invaders in the east -the Balkans created kingdoms -1453-Turkey conquered Constantinople and renamed it to Instanbul. |
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