Flashcards
Ch 1-3
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1Descriptive statisticsThe summary of a data set in the form of tables, graphs, or numerical measures.
- 2Inferential statisticsThe practice of extracting useful information from a sample to draw conclusions about a population.
- 3populationAll members of a specified group.
- 4SampleA subset of a population of interest.
- 5Sample statisticA random variable used to estimate the unknown population parameter of interest.
- 6Population parameterA characteristic of a population.
- 7Cross-sectional dataObservations of a characteristic of many subjects at the same point in time or approximately the same point in time.
- 8Structured dataData that conform to a predefined row-column format.
- 9Unstructured dataData that do not conform to a predefined row-column format.
- 10Big dataA massive volume of both structured and unstructured data that are often difficult to manage, process, and analyze using traditional data processing tools.
- 11VolumeOne of the V’s describing big data; an immense amount of data is compiled from a single source or a wide range of sources.
- 12VelocityOne of the V’s describing big data; data from a variety of sources get generated at a rapid speed.
- 13VarietyOne of the V’s describing big data; data come in all types, forms, and granularity.
- 14VeracityOne of the V’s describing big data; refers to the credibility and quality of data.
- 15ValueOne of the V’s describing big data; information derived from big data should have value.
- 16VariableA general characteristic being observed on a set of people, objects, or events, where each observation varies in kind or degree.
- 17Categorical variable (qualitative)A variable that uses labels or names to identify the distinguishing characteristics of observations.
- 18Numerical variable (quantitative)A variable that assumes meaningful numerical values for observations.
- 19Discrete (random) variableA variable that assumes a countable number of values.
- 20Continuous (random) variableA variable that assumes uncountable values in an interval.
- 21Nominal scaleObservations of a variable differ merely by name or label.
- 22Ordinal scaleObservations of a variable can be categorized and ranked.
- 23Interval scaleObservations of a variable can be categorized and ranked, and differences between observations are meaningful.
- 24Ratio scaleObservations of a variable can be categorized and ranked, differences between observations are meaningful, and a true zero point (origin) exists.
- 25Omission strategyWhen missing values exist, this strategy recommends excluding these observations from subsequent analysis.
- 26Imputation strategyWhen missing values exist, this strategy recommends replacing them with some reasonable imputed values.
- 27SubsettingThe process of extracting a portion of a data set.
- 28Frequency distributionA table that groups the observations of a variable into categories or intervals and records the number of observations that fall into each category or interval.
- 29Bar chartA graph that depicts the frequency or relative frequency of each category of a categorical variable as a series of horizontal or vertical bars, the lengths of which are proportional to the values that are to be depicted.
- 30Pie chartA segmented circle portraying the categories and relative sizes for a categorical variable.
- 31Contingency tableA table that shows frequencies for two categorical variables, x and y, where each cell represents a mutually exclusive combination of the pair of x and y observations.
- 32Stacked column chartGraph of a contingency table; depicts more than one categorical variable and allows for the comparison of composition within each category.
- 33HistogramA graphical depiction of a frequency or a relative frequency distribution for a numerical variable; series of rectangles where the width and height of each rectangle represent the interval width and frequency (or relative frequency) of the respective interval.
- 34PolygonFor a numerical variable, a graph of a frequency or relative frequency distribution in which lines connect a series of neighboring points, where each point represents the midpoint of a particular interval and its associated frequency or relative frequency.
- 35Scatterplot with a categorical variableA modification of a basic scatterplot that incorporates a categorical variable.
- 36Line ChartA graph that connects the consecutive observations of a numerical variable with a line.
- 37Stem-and-leaf diagramA visual method of displaying a numerical variable where each observation is separated into two parts: a stem, which consists of the leftmost digits, and a leaf, which consists of the last digit.
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- undergraduate statistics Flashcards on Ch 1-3, created by Brittany Shurack on 09/09/2021.
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