Flashcards
Unit 1 & 2
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1Solid- Regular arrangement
- Fixed shape
- Fixed volume
- Densest phase normally
- Lower KE between particles
- Vibrates in position - 2Liquid- Irregular arrangement
- Moves in random direction
- KE slight higher than solids
- Less dense than solids
- Fixed volume
- All/ Most atoms are touching - 3Gas- Irregular arrangement
- Mostly not touching eachother
- Particles only touch in collisions
- No definite volume
- Creates pressure in container
- Least dense phase - 4What happens in phase changes- During phase changes temp doesn't change because energy is used to create/ break bonds = temp plateau
- In liquid vaporisation only happens at the surface
- Heat is released when creating bonds because the KE needs to reduce so that it doesn't change form and vice versa - 5DiffusionDiffusion in particles happens through atoms/ molecule collisions. This causes them to move off eachtoher and therefore evenly spread things like heat, energy, colour, etc.
- 6What is a mixtureA mixture contains more than one substance however they aren't chemically bonded.
- 7Solute, Solvent and Solution, what are they?- A solution is made up of a solvent and solute.
- A solvent is liquid and is able to dissolve other substances (the solute)
- The solute is a solid and mixes and dissolves in the solvent. - 8SaturationThe method of adding solute to solution until it can no more dissolve. Leaving a concentrated and saturated solution.
- 9Pure and impure substancesA pure substance has no particles of any other substance mixed with it, whilst an impure substance does.
- 10How to check if a substance is pure or impure.- A pure substance has a definite sharp melting and boiling points which differ for each substance
- If its boiling/ melting points aren't sharp it indicates an impure substance.
- The larger the change in boiling/ melting points the more impurities the substance has - 11Separation methods- Paper chromotography
- Filtration
- Crystallisation
- Separating funnel/ decanting
- Fractional distillation
- Simple distillation
- Evaporation of all the solvent
- Separation a mixture of two solids - 12Paper chromography- A method to separate substances
- It is possible because different components travel at different speeds and differ in attraction during stationary phase
- RF = Distance travelled by the compenet/ Distance travelled by the solvent - 13Filtration- When the solute in a soution is insoluble filtration is used to separate it
- The solute gets trapped in the fliter paper whilst the liquid passes through
- The liquid is called the filtrate and the solute - residue, after this method. - 14Crystillation- A method that results in crystals
- It is under heat so the solute becomes more soluble and once the solution becomes saturated it will be left to cool.
- This will form crystals which will be seperated by filtration. - 15Separating funnel/decantingThis is for immiscible liquids where the denser liquid at the top is poured out.
- 16Fractional distillation- It is used to separate a mixture of liquids
- Because the liquids have different boiling points when boiled they will vaporise at different times.
- By going up the a colomn of glass beads if the wrong liquids is vaporised then it will come back down as it doesn;t have enought KE.
- After the beads the gas will be condensed in a condenser which will eventually separate all liquids into their pure form. - 17Simple distillation- This is used to separate a mixture of a solute and solvent.
- By evaporating the solvent and condensing it, it will result in a distilled solvent. - 18Evaporating the solvent- This is done when the solvent isn't needed in a solution and just the solute is
- 19Separating a mixture of two solids- This done by mixing the mixture into a solvent that can dissolve one of them.
- Then separating them out by filtration and evaporation. - 20Subatomic particles mass and chargeProton - 1, +1
Electron - 1/1800, -1
Neutron - 1, 0
Atomic name, Mass, and charge - 21The mass numberRelative mass of atoms is calculated by adding numbers of protons (Ap = 1) and the number of neutrons (Ap = 1). Electrons are regarded as having a mass of 0.
- 22Atomic numberThe number of protons in an element
- 23Isotopes- An isotope is two or more forms of the same element. They all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in its nuclei. Resulting in a differed relative mass. They still have similar chemical properties
- 24Radioactive isotopes- An unstable isotoped emits some amount of radiation
- When a nucleus is unstable it attempts to rearrange itself, called radioactive decay
- Isotopes are normally unstable due to the ration of neutrons being 1 more than protons or the atomic number is above 82.
- There are many uses for unstable isotopes - 25Uses of radioactive isotopes- Used in industries to find leaks
- Used to study bone and metabolism info
-Used in tumor detection - 26IonsAn ion is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive/negative electrical charge
- A positive ion has more protons than electrons and vice versa - 27What mainly causes ions- Atoms without a full outer shell will try to get in order to become more stable
- This will result in it gaining or losing electrons which will make it an ion. - 28Noble gasesThese are elements with full outer shells and are very stable and unreeactive. They are also found like this, hence they aren't an ion. Normally noble gases are monatomic because of this.
- 29Compound IonsIons can be made of a single/ group of atoms. An ion made up of a group of atoms is called a compound of ion.
- 30Compound Ions I need to knowHydroxide - OH^-1
Sulfate - SO4^-2
Nitrate - NO3^-1
Carbonate - CO3^-2
Ammonium - NH4^+1
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- Year 10 Chemistry Flashcards on Unit 1 & 2, created by fiery Barbarian on 21/10/2021.
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