Flashcards
nanoparticles / materials and their uses
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1nanoparticlesreally tiny particles
(have a diameter between 1nm-100nm)
smaller than 0.0000001 - 2nanosciencehas produced a lot of new materials that have useful properties
- 3features of nanoparticleshave large SA: volume ratio
as things get smaller their volume decreases more rapidly than their surface area does- SA: volume ratio gets bigger - 4uses of particles depend more on their surface area than volume...
- 5uses of nanoparticles CATALYSTSCATALYSTS- have large SA so they can make good catalysts
(reactions take place on the surface of catalysts- the bigger the SA the more collisions there will be so the faster the rate of reaction) - 6New cosmetics eg sunscreenthe small particles provide better protection but don't leave white marks on skin
- 7NANOMEDICINEtiny fullerenes are absorbed more easily into the body than most particles - can be used to deliver drugs right into cells where they are needed
- some can also conduct electricity(used in tiny electrical circuits for computer chips) - 8concerns abouit nanoparticles- 1. relatively new so effects on our bodies aren't fully understood- important new products are tested thoroughly to minimise risks
(eg some nanoparticles used in medicine don't break down easily so they could start to build up in cells- can cause problems such as lung INFLAMMATION if breathed in)
2. we don't know what happens if they get flushed into the sea
( could possibly be damaging our environment)
3. may enter cells and cause damage to DNA
(we don't know the side effects or long term impacts on health could be)- some are worried products containing nanoparticles have been made available before any harmful effects on human health has been investigated fully - 9fullerenesnanoparticles made of spheres of carbon atoms which may be used in the future to deliver drugs into our cells
- 10nanoparticles containing the element silversaid to have antibacterial properties - we can insert them into surgical masks or wound dressings to reduce risk of infections
- 11silver nanoparticlesadded to polymer fibres used to make surgical masks and wound dressings
- gives fibres antibacterial properties - 12Polymersoften FLEXIBLE(can be bent to any shape)
- easy moulded almost into any shape
- CHEAP also less dense
THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL INSULATORS
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can degrade and break down overtime (doesn't always last as long as those made from other materials) - 13ceramics (made by baking substances such as clay to produce brittle stiff materials)-insulators of heat and electricity
-more BRITTLE and STIFF than most other materials
-STRONG and HARDWEARING
- doesn't degrade or corrode like other materials can (lasts longer) - used for glass windows instead of clear plastic
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GLASS and CLAY - 14glass and clay ceramicGLASS - transparent and strong - moulded when hot , brittle when thin
majority is SODA LIME GLASS - made by heating sodium carbonate and lime stone until they melt (when mixture cools - it comes out as glass)
(ideal for windows and bottles )
PROBLEM - low mp , limits its uses
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CLAY- opaque, hardened (at high temp) , brittle
- clay bricks can withstand the weight of lots more bricks on top of them
- soft when dug out of the ground - easy to mould to different shapes
(uses- bricks, porcelain) - 15metalsgood conductor of heat and electricity
- MALLEABLE (like polymers - can be formed into variety of shapes)
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some metals corrode easily but products from corrosion resistant metals can last for a very long time
- less brittle than ceramics and polymers
- likely to deform but stay in one piece where other materials shutter - 16compositescomposites such as fibreglass and concrete - made of one material (reinforcement) embedded in another (the matrix/binder)
properties of a composite - depend on properties of other materials its made from
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DISADVANTAGE - more expensive to produce that other materials (strong and light tho)- ideal for aerospace and sports car manufacturing - 17polymers and metalsPolymers : can be transparent, opaque, translucent, poor heat and electrical conductors . Can be tough or ducile
Metals: shiny, good heat and electrical conductors , hard and tough , forms alloys
(uses -cars, bridges and electrical cables) - 18tensile strengthresistance of a material to breaking under tension
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- GCSE Chemistry GCSE (paper 2) Flashcards on nanoparticles / materials and their uses , created by Ellaine Wahome on 12/02/2022.
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- Ellaine Wahome
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