APush Unit 1 Study Guide

Question	Answer
Meztizos	(in Latin America) a man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian.
"three sisters" farming	The Three Sisters are the three main agricultural crops of various Native American groups in North America: winter squash, maize (corn), and climbing beans (typically tepary beans or common beans).
Mound Builders	Early Indian people who built large earthen monuments to serve as burial sites and as sites for temples and religious ceremonies
Conquistadores	a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
Popes Rebellion	This occurred in 1680 and it was an Indian uprising. This uprising was caused because of the Spanish Roman Catholic's mission in New Mexico began to oppress the natives by attempting to derive them of their religious customs. The rebels raided through the Providence destroying churches, killing priests, and slaughtering Spanish settlers along the way. After this attack the Spanish needed almost half a century to regain New Mexico again.
Pueblo Indians	a communal village, built by certain Indians of the southwestern US and parts of Latin America, consisting of one or more flat-roofed stone or adobe houses
starving time	the winter of 1609–1610 when about three-quarters of the English colonists in Virginia died of starvation or starvation-related diseases.
Primogeniture	the right of succession belonging to the firstborn child, especially the feudal rule by which the whole real estate of an intestate passed to the eldest son
Act of Toleration	also known as the Act Concerning Religion, was a law mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. Passed on April 21, 1649 by the assembly of the Maryland colony, in St. Mary's City.
encomienda	a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area
Mourning Wars	The Iroquois League traditions allowed for the dead to be symbolically replaced through captives taken in "mourning wars", the blood feuds and vendettas that were an essential aspect of Iroquois culture.
"visible Saints"	A religious belief developed by John Calvin held that a certain number of people were predestined to go to heaven by God. This belief in the elect, or "visible saints," figured a major part in the doctrine of the Puritans who settled in New England during the 1600's.
Covenant Community	a religious group whose members bind themselves to one another and to the group by a solemn agreement called a covenant. The group may be members of one religious faith
Antinomianism	Anne Hutchinson claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man. From the Greek "against the law".
Protestant Reformation	The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era.
Puritans	a member of a group from England that settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 and sought to reform the practices of the Church of England
pilgrims	The pilgrims were a form of puritan (separatists) who wanted to completely break away from the church of England. They emigrated to the Americas on the Mayflower to find safe haven, after negotiating for rights with the Virgina company.
Separatists	The Separatists were English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England. One Separatist group, the Pilgrims, founded Plymouth Plantation and went on to found other settlements in Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England. Other notable separatist groups included the Quakers and Baptists.
New England Confederation	Established in 1643, to defend against enemies, such as the Indians, the French, and the Dutch. Also, to preside over runaway servants and criminals. It was a puritan group that consisted of the two Massachusetts colonies (Bay colony and Plymouth) and two Connecticut colonies (New Haven and valley settlements).
Massachusetts Bay Company	a joint stock trading company chartered by the English crown in 1629 to colonize a vast area in New England extending from 3 mi (4.8 km) miles north of the Merrimack River to 3 mi miles south of the Charles River. It was quickly taken over by a group of Puritans, under the leadership of John Winthrop, who wished to establish a religious community in the New World.
Dominion of New England	In 1686, imposed by London, included just New England and then later New York and East and West Jersey. Established also for colonial defense, but mostly to promote administration of the English Navigation Laws. Stopped American overseas trade with countries not ruled by the English crown
Navigation laws	a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies. They began in 1651 and ended 200 years later.

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APush Unit 1 Study Guide

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