Flashcards
Chapter 4: Theoretical Perspectives In Society
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1-Three Sociological theories:-Functionalism
-Symbolic Interactionism
-Conflict Theory - 2-What are theories?-Theories are different
explanations of social
phenomena, provide
a lens or a perspective to
help us understand our
social world. - 3-What was the Functionalism theory? -What were the two emphsis?-The functionalsim
theory was the dominant
theoretical perspective
in sociology. It was
based on how society
functioned
-The two emphasis were
application of the
scientific method and
the use of an analogy
between individual and society - 4-How do functionalists see the world?-Functionalists see the
world as "objectively real"
and have a positivistic
view of society - 5-What techniques do functionalists use?-Functionalists use soical
surveys and interviews - 6-What do functionalists think about religion?-Functionalists think that
every society will
have a religion, because
those institutions have
certain functions that contribute to the survival
of the social system as
a whole. - 7-What does the analogy between society and organisim focus on?-It focuses attention on
the homeostatic nature of
social systems. Social
systems look for balance in
nature - 8-How is society viewed?-Society is viewed as
a system of interrealted
parts. - 9-Who do functionalists often focus on?-They primarily focus
on the individual. - 10-Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes what?-It empasizes the
subjective meaning
of human behavior, the
social process and
pragmatisim - 11-What do interactionists focus on?-They usually focus on
the SUBJECTIVE aspects
of social life - 12-What do interactionists base their perspectives on?-They base it on the image
of human, rather than
society - 13-How do interactionists see humans as?-They see humans as
pragmatic actors, they
adjust their behavior
to the actions of others - 14-How do interactionists theorist see humans as?-They see them as active,
creative participants who
construct their
social world - 15-What do the research of interactionists focus on?-They focus on observable
face-to-face interactions - 16-What does negotiation do?-Negotiation among
members of society creates
temporary, socially contructed
relations, which remain
in constant flux. - 17-What does ethnomethodology do?-Raises the question
of how people who are
interacting with each other
can create an illusion
of a shared social order
even though they are different - 18-How do interactionists study social interaction?-Through participant
observation - 19-What is the materialistic view of history?-The most important
determinant of social
life is the work people
are doing, especially
hard work that
earns money - 20-What is the famous end quote of Marx?-" It is not the consciousness
of men that determines their
existence, but their social
existence that determines
their consciousness." - 21-What were the most important stages for Marx's argument?-Fedualism
-Capitalism
-Socialism - 22-What is the central institution of capitalits society?-Private property, it is
controlled by a small
minority of the
population - 23-What are the two opposed classes?-Owners and workers
- 24-How do owners exploit workers?-Owners are making
profits by paying
workers less than
their work is worth - 25-What is feminism?-Focusing analysis
on gender inequalites - 26-What is the rational choice theory?-Economic incentives
affect the choices people
make