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Created by Adrianna Bialecka
over 2 years ago
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Question | Answer |
What is Cytology? | Study of cells |
What is the Continuity of Life? | Cell can only be made from pre-existing cells. There is an unbroken chain of cells since life began on the planet 3.4 billion years ago |
What is Cell Ultra Structure? | It is the fine detail of a cell as seen using the electron microscope |
What is an organelle? | It is a distinct cellular component with a specific function |
Draw a Plant Cell | |
Draw an Animal Cell | |
Describe the Cell Wall | *Only in plant cell *Made from cellulose *Fully permeable *A middle lamella made of pectin is found between adjacent cells |
What are the functions of the cell wall? | 1.Gives the cell Shape, Strength and Support (SSS) |
Describe the Cell Membrane | *Found in all cells *Flexible structure made from phospholipids and proteins *Proteins are in constant motion in the cell so its called "the fluid mosaic model" *It is semi-permeable |
What are Phospholipids? | *They are arranged in a double layer forming a lipid-bi-layer *Phosphates are hydrophilic *Lipids are hydrophobic |
What are the functions of the cell membrane? | 1.Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell 2.Retains the contents of the cell in place 3.Recognises molecules that touch the cell 4.Gives the cell some shape and support |
Describe cytoplasm | *It is the liquid area of the cell *the cytoplasm without the organelles is called cytosol |
What is the function of cytoplasm? | It contains/suspends the cells organelles |
Describe the Nucleus | *Its the sac-like structure surrounded by a double membrane *The nuclear membrane contains nuclear pores *The nucleus contains two main parts; the nucleolus and the genetic material |
Describe the nucleolus | *it is a small, spherical, darkly staining body *It makes ribosomes |
Describe the Genetic material in the nucleus | *Nucleus contains strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) *DNA is arranged into structures called chromosomes in diving cells *DNA is arranged into structures called chromatin when the cell is not diving (long and thread like) |
Draw the Nucleus |
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What is the function of the Nucleus? | It controls and regulates the activities of the cell |
Describe the large vacuole | *Found in plant cells- they are a large fluid-filled sack *COntains cell sap (Sugar, Salts, Water and Wastes) (SSWW) |
What is the function of the large vacuole? | 1.Storage of SSWW 2.Provide structural support for plants by storing water |
Describe the mitochondria | *Rod shaped structure, site of respiration *Mitochondria have a double membrane: one smooth outer one and a highly folded inner membrane *Contains folds called cristae- this is where energy is released |
What is the function of Cristae? | It is to increase the surface area of the inner membrane, which has enzymes involved in respiration |
What the difference between active and inactive cells? | Active cells have many mitochondria e.g muscle cells Inactive cells have few mitochondria e.g fat cells |
What is the function of mitochondria? | To control cellular respiration- the release of energy from food |
Draw a mitochondria | |
Describe the Chloroplast | *Found in plant cells *Contain the green pigment chlorophyll which allows photosynthesis to take place *Has a smooth double membrane |
What is a Granum? | It is a stack of thylakoids (it stores chlorophyll) *The light stage of photosynthesis takes place here |
What is the function of chloroplasts? | to trap light energy for photosynthesis |
Draw a chloroplast | |
Describe the ribosome | It is a tiny grain like structure made from RNA and protein |
What is the function of ribosomes? | TO make protein (protein synthesis) |
Name 3 differences between plant and animals |
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What do prokaryotic cells have? | 1.Do not have a nucleus 2. Do not have membrane bound organelles e.g. Mitochondria 3. Have a circular loop of DNA 4. Unicellular and belong to the Kingdom Monera |
What do Eukaryotic cells have? | 1.Have a nucleus 2.Have membrane bound organelles e.g. Mitochondria 3.DNA is enclosed within the nucleus 4.They belong to the other 4 kingdoms |
What are the 5 kingdoms of living things | 1.Monera e.g. Bacteria 2.Protista e.g. Amoeba 3.Plants e.g. Grass 4. Animals e.g. Man 5. Fungi e.g. Mushroom |
What are the two types of microscopes? | The Compound light microscope and the Electron Microscope |
What are the differences between the two microscopes? | 1.The compound light uses rays of light while the electron uses a beam of electrons 2.The compound light is portable and inexpensive while the electron microscope if expensive and not portable 3. The compound light microscope can examine living tissues while the electron microscope can only examine dead tissues |
Describe a microscope |
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