Flashcards
RS1 Unit 3 Flashcards
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1Addition RuleP(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - (A and B)
- 2Addition Rule for Mutually Exclusive EventsP(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) Alternate notation: P(A or B) = P(A ∪ B)
- 3CombinationA way of selecting several things out of a larger group, WHERE ORDER DOES NOT MATTER
- 4Combination RuleC(n, r) = nCr = n! / r!(n - r)!
- 5Complement RuleThe probability that an even does not occur; 1 - P(A)
- 6Complementary Eventsmutually exclusive events whose probabilities sum to 1
- 7Conditional Probabilitythe probability that an even, B, will occur given that another event, A, has already occured
- 8Conditional Probability RuleP(F|E) = P(F ∩ E) / P(E)
- 9Cumulative Relative Frequencythe cumulative proportion or the running total of frequencies
- 10Dependent Eventswhen the occurrence of one event affects the occurence of a second event
- 11Empirical Estimate of Probability(often just written Empirical Probability) an "estimate" that the event will happen based on how often the event occurs after collecting data or running an expierement (in a large number of trials). It is based specifically on direct observations or experiences
- 12Equally Likely Outcomesoutcomes that occur with the same probability; i.e., landing on heads or tails on a fair coin toss are equally likely outcomes
- 13Eventa subset of a sample space
- 14Experimental Estimate of Probabilitythe probability of an event occuring when an experiement was conducted
- 15Factorial (n!)n! = n(n-1)(n-2) ... 3(2)(1)
- 16Fundamental Counting Principleif event M can occur in m ways and is followed by event N that can occur in n ways, then event M followed by event N can occur in m*n ways
- 17Independent Eventswhen the occurrence of one event DOES NOT affect the occurence of a second event
- 18Intersectionthe intersection of A ∩ B of two sets A and B is the set that contains all elements of A that also belong to B (or equivalently, all elements of B that also belong to A), but no other elements
- 19Multiplication RuleP(F∩E) = P(E)*P(F|E)
- 20Multiplication Rule for Independent EventsP(E∩F) = P(E) * P(F) if and only if A and B are independent events
- 21Mutually Exclusive Eventsevents that cannot occur at the same time; also called disjoint events
- 22Outcomea possible result from a probability experiment
- 23PermutationA way of selecting several things out of a larger group, WHERE ORDER DOES MATTER
- 24Permutation RuleP(n, r) = nPr = n! / (n-r)!
- 25Probabilitylikelihood that an event will occur and is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes
- 26Random Process (Chance Experiment)any activity or situation in which there is uncertainty about which of two or more possible outcomes will result
- 27Random Variablethe numerical outcome of a random phenomenon
- 28Sample Spacethe set of all possible outcomes in an experiment
- 29Theoretical (Exact) Probabilitya ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes
- 30Trialthe single performance of an experiment
- 31Unioneverything in both sets
- 32zero factorialone