Flashcards

FA 201 Exam II

Gracie Rogers Arts English 87 cards

Cards in this deck (87)

1What is an Acroteria?A decorative pedestal for an ornament or statue placed atop the pediment of a Greek temple
2What is a capital in a column?The capital forms the topmost member of a column
3What is a coffered ceiling?A coffer in architecture is a series of sunken panels in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling
4What is continuous narration?A continuous narrative is a type of narrative that illustrates multiple scenes of a narrative within a single frame. Multiple actions and scenes are portrayed in a single visual field without any dividers.
5What is chi-rho?The Chi Rho is one of the earliest forms of Christogram, formed by superimposing the first two letters—chi and rho —of the Greek word ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ in such a way that the vertical stroke of the rho intersects the center of the chi.
6What is encaustic painting?When using pigments mixed with hot wax that are burned in as an inlay.
7What is an oculus?A round or eye-like opening or design or a circular window.
8What is a pediment?The triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns.
9What is a sarcophagus?A stone coffin, typically adorned with a sculpture or inscription and associated with the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Rome, and Greece.
10What is SPQR?SPQR, an abbreviation for Senatus Populusque Romanus is an emblematic abbreviated phrase referring to the government of the ancient Roman Republic.
11What is a stylobate?A continuous base supporting a row of columns in classical Greek architecture. (AKA what's below the base of the column)
12What is Tetrarchy?The Tetrarchy was the system instituted by the Roman Empire by dividing it between two senior emperors, the augusti, and their juniors and designated successors, the caesares. ( Government by four persons ruling jointly)
13What is verism?Extreme or strict naturalism in art or literature
14What is the Bronze Etruscan statue of she-wolf with later addition of Romulus and Remus (also known as the Capitoline Wolf)?The Capitoline Wolf represents the ancient legend of the founding of Rome. It is a bronze sculpture of the she-wolf suckling the twins, Romulus and Remus, which saved their lives.
15What is the Ara Pacis Augustae, Rome and why is it important?Augustus used the Ara Pacis to bring forth his message of Augustan peace and give his people peace, prosperity, fertility and piety. Through Augustus' use of propaganda, he used the Ara Pacis to proclaim his victory over the western provinces, and further his message of him having divine lineage.
16What is the Primaporta Augustus and why is it important?The Augustus of Primaporta is one of the ways that the ancients used art for propagandistic purposes. Overall, this statue is not simply a portrait of the emperor, it expresses Augustus’ connection to the past, his role as a military victor, his connection to the gods, and his role as the bringer of the Roman Peace.
17What are the Pompeian frescoes and why are they important?Pompeian frescoes (painted plaster) had four different styles. First: Pompeiian red ( a very bright red pigment since fresco paintings were painted into the wall and not on top of it). Second: Trompe L'oeil (fake marble columns)
Linear perspective. Third: Like the second style but smaller
More false columns
Small figures inside an expanse of color. Fourth: A hodgepodge of everything that came before
Still fake, painted marble columns
Small figures inside an expense of color like the third style
18What is the Colosseum, Rome and why is it important?It was a means of providing entertainment to the masses to appease public discontent and win over popular support in response to the recent struggle and instability of the Empire. Each layer of the building had columns in Doric, ionic, and Corinthian in that order as a connection back to the Ancient Greeks.
19What is Trajan’s Column, Rome and why is it important?Trajan's Column is a Roman triumphal column that commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars. There are 155 scenes carved in a spiral frieze on the column mostly depicting Roman winning over all.
20What is the Pantheon, Rome and why is it important?A building dedicated to all of the gods, has a Coffered ceiling, and was the largest open space for centuries.
21What is the Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, Rome and why is it important?The emperor is over life-size and extends his hand in a gesture used by emperors when addressing their army and legions. It is an image designed to portray the Emperor as victorious and all-conquering but he is shown without weapons or armour, Marcus Aurelius seems to be a bringer of peace rather than a military hero, for this is how he saw himself and his reign.
22What is the Caracalla’s portraiture with ‘X-shape’ and why is it important?Given he was one of the more blood-thirsty of rules (he killed his brother for one example), his portrait shows his malice. The X is formed by the creases from his eyebrow and nasal labial lines.
23What was the 1st Christian Emperor and why was it important?Constantine the Great was the first Christian Emperor and made Christianity the main religion of Rome, and created Constantinople, which became the most powerful city in the world.
24What is the Arch of Constantine, Rome and why is it important?A Roman triumphal arch that commemorates the Roman Emperor Constantine's victory over the Roman tyrant Maxentius.
25What are the Catacombs in Rome and why are they important?The Catacombs of Rome are former underground burial grounds that date from the second to the fifth century and were principally used by Christians and Jews.
26What is a Christian altar?An altar is a raised area in a house of worship where people can honor God with offerings.
27What is an apse?In architecture, an apse is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome
28What is a mosaic?A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface.
29What is a nave?he central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. It is rectangular, separated from the chancel by a step or rail, and from adjacent aisles by pillars.
30What is a Christian relic?The mortal remains of a saint; in the broad sense, the term also includes any object that has been in contact with the saint.
31What is an icon in Christianity?Icons are representations of the Heavenly
32What is Iconoclasm?Iconoclasm literally means “image breaking” and refers to a recurring historical impulse to break or destroy images for religious or political reasons.
33What is a pendentive?A pendentive is a triangular piece beneath a dome that allows the dome to rise high above the floor
34What is the Hagia Sophia and why is it important?It is an important symbol in Istanbul because it is a meeting point of the world's religions. The walls of Hagia Sophia represent a blend between Islamic arts and symbols of Christianity. Hagia Sophia was a Church, a Mosque and today it's a museum.
35What is Constantinople/Istanbul?Constantinople is an ancient city in modern-day Turkey that's now known as Istanbul.
36What is the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy and why is it significant?It is considered a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture. It is especially noted for the colorful mosaics of Christian iconography that decorate the interior walls and ceilings.
37What are distinguishing features of ‘Hiberno-Saxon Art’?It has the characteristics of both the Irish and English. More geometric design rather than naturalistic representation, love of flat areas of color, and the use of complicated interlace patterns.
38What are carpet pages?A carpet page is a full page in an illuminated manuscript containing intricate, non-figurative, patterned designs.
39What are illuminated manuscripts?Illuminated manuscripts are hand-written books with painted decoration that generally includes precious metals such as gold or silver.
40What is insular art?The term derives from insula, the Latin term for "island"; in this period Britain and Ireland shared a largely common style different from that of the rest of Europe.The Insular style is most famous for its highly dense, intricate and imaginative decoration.
41How is the Evangelical symbol Matthew usually depicted as?Matthew is represented by the Man or the Angel
42How is the Evangelical symbol Mark usually depicted as?Mark is represented as the lion and is usually writing.
43How is the Evangelical symbol Luke usually depicted as?Mark is represented as the calf or ox with wings.
44How is the Evangelical symbol John usually depicted as?John is represented as a rising eagle.
45What is the Book of Durrow?The Book of Durrow is an illuminated manuscript dated to c. 700 that consists of text from the four Gospels gospel books, written in an Irish adaption of Vulgate Latin, and illustrated in the Insular script style.
46What is the Book of Kells?The Book of Kells is a gospel book, containing the four accounts of Christ's life that form the New Testament of the Bible.
47What are the Lindisfarne Gospels?A famous illuminated manuscript created around 700 AD, the Lindisfarne Gospels is a historical marvel which demonstrates Anglo-Saxon art, culture and religious expression.
48What is an ewer?It is a a vase-shaped pitcher or jug.
49What is a horseshoe arch?An emblematic arch of Islamic architecture
50What is a hypostyle?A roof resting on rows of columns.
51What is an ivory pyxis?A pyxis is a cylindrical box used for cosmetics. Now, imagine a room in a palace where this beautifully carved ivory container is given a central place.
52What is Kufic?An early angular form of the Arabic alphabet found chiefly in decorative inscriptions.
53What is lusterware?It is a type of pottery or porcelain with a metallic glaze that gives the effect of iridescence.
54What is a mihrab?A niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which the congregation faces to pray.
55What is a minbar?A short flight of steps used as a platform by a preacher in a mosque.
56What is a qibla?The direction of the Kaaba (the sacred building at Mecca), to which Muslims turn at prayer.
57What is a spolia?It is the result of an ancient and widespread practice whereby stone that has been quarried, cut and used in a built structure is carried away to be used elsewhere
58What are Architectural influences of Mosques in Tunisia and Spain?This architectural style blended influences from Berber culture in North Africa, pre-Islamic Iberi, and contemporary artistic currents in the Islamic Middle East to elaborate a unique style over centuries with recognizable features such as the horseshoe arch, riad gardens , square minarets, and elaborate geometric and arabesque motifs in wood, stucco, and tilework.
59What is the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, Israel?It is revered by most Muslims as the spot from which the Prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven. Somewhat similar to the Hagia Sophia with the dome.
60What is the Great Mosque, Cordoba, Spain and why is it important?Open atrium space with columns and arches, was a church but was remade into a mosque, and uses lots of spolia (taken from somewhere else and they want you to know that). It has been reconstructed three times.
61What is the meaning of ‘Romanesque’?A style of architecture which prevailed in Europe c. 900–1200, although sometimes dated back to the end of the Roman Empire (5th century). Combines features of Roman and Byzantine buildings and other local traditions.
62What are jamb figures?A figure carved on the jambs of a doorway or window.
63What is a pointed arch?An arch with a pointed crown, whose two curving sides meet at a relatively sharp angle at the top of the arch.
64What is a transverse arch?Supporting arch which runs across the vault from side to side, dividing the bays
65What is a trefoil arch?an arch incorporating the shape or outline of a three leaf clover
66What is a tympanum?A vertical recessed triangular space forming the center of a pediment, typically decorated.
67What are principal building materials for Romanesque architecture?Marble, limestone, granite, and brick
68What are flying buttresses?A buttress slanting from a separate pier, typically forming an arch with the wall it supports. (Spider legs)
69What is rib vaulting?A skeleton of arches or ribs on which masonry can be laid to form a ceiling or roof.
70What is the Bayeaux Tapestry and why is it important?The Bayeux Tapestry consists of seventy-five scenes with Latin inscriptions depicting the events leading up to the Norman conquest and culminating in the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The textile's end is now missing, but it most probably showed the coronation of William as King of England.
71What is the Chartres Cathedral in France and why is it important?Also known as the cathedral of Notre-Dame. Cathedral rebuilt after a fire in 1194. It was the destination of a pilgrimage dedicated to the Virgin Mary, among the most popular in all medieval Western Christianity.
72What is the San Chapelle in France and why is it important?Sainte Chapelle was intended to house precious Christian relics, including Christ's crown of thorns, acquired by Saint Louis. Has lots of rib vaulting
73What is the Old-New Synagogue, Prague and why is it important?One of the oldest and most valuable European and world Jewish monuments, and the oldest synagogue in Central Europe.
74What is Scarification?Scarification involves scratching, etching, burning/branding, or superficially cutting designs, pictures, or words into the skin as a permanent body modification or body art.
75How do African Cave paintings compare to those in Prehistoric Europe?African Cave paintings seem to be very detailed, like the Running Woman for example. We can tell what she's wearing and that there's scarification on her body. The Hall of Bulls is a lot simpler and also doesn't depict any humans.
76What are Nok heads?Nok head fragments were once part of entire bodies and are so highly varied that it is likely they were modeled individually rather than cast from molds. They tend to be less naturalistic/realistic.
77What are Ife sculptures and what do the big heads signify?These statues are a lot more naturalistic in comparison to the Nok heads. Some have holes near the scalp, which could mean hair was plugged into those holes before. Important people were also depicted with larger heads than others, a hierarchy of scale.
78What is the Great Mosque, Djenne, Mali and why is it important?The Great Mosque of Djenné is an adobe Islamic building and it is the largest mud-brick building globally.
79What are celts?A prehistoric stone or metal implement with a beveled cutting edge, probably used as a tool or weapon.
80What is a chacmool?A chacmool is a sculpture depicting a reclining figure with its head facing 90 degrees from the front, supporting itself on its elbows and supporting a bowl or a disk upon its stomach.
81What is a Mesoamerican temple-pyramid-plaza?The combination of an elevated foundation, almost always artificially built, with a temple on the upper platform. It looks fairly similar to a pyramid.
82What are the Olmec?The Olmec created massive monuments, including colossal stone heads, thrones, stela (upright slabs), and statues. They may have been the originators of the Mesoamerican ball game, a ceremonial team sport played throughout the region for centuries
83What is a roof comb?Roof comb is the structure that tops a pyramid in monumental Mesoamerican architecture.
84What are the Colossal heads from the Olmec culture?The Olmec colossal heads are stone representations of human heads sculpted from large basalt boulders. Each one that remains have individualized features and headgear.
85What is the Bloodletting ritual fresco, Teotihuacán, Mexico and why is it important?Mexican deities were honored through sacrificial blood letting. Enchanted words vital to the ritual since there are scrolls depicted in the artwork.
86What is the Temple of the Giant Jaguar, Maya, Tikal?The Temple of the Great Jaguar got its name because of a lintel that represents a king sitting upon a jaguar throne. It is also the funerary home of King Dark Sun
87What is the Guatemala Castillo, Maya?A pyramid and temple built to the Maya god Kukulkan.