Flashcards
AP Statistics Midterms Flashcards
Cards in this deck (28)
- 1Define "Probability"Long run relative frequency
( ≬ 0 & 1)
(Short term: Unpredictable)
(Long term: Predictable) - 2Define "Law of Large #'s""In the long run..."
(If we do something many times, the proportions of desired outcomes will approach its true prob.) - 3Define "Simulation"Imitation of prob. w/ accurate model
Eg. Die, coin, Rand. # Generator - 4Define "The Simulation Process"1. Describe how you will simulate 1 trial
2. Do many trials
3. Use results to answer question - 5Define "Prob. Model"List of all possible outcomes and corresponding probs.
- Must add to 1
-each prob. ≬ 0 & 1 - 6Define "Compliment"Prob. of event NOT happening
- 7Define "Mutually Exclusive"Events that cannot occur together
NOT INDEPENDENT!!! - 8Define "General Addition Rule"Below only if Mutually Exclusive
P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B)
- 9Define "Intersection"Rep. by "∩", means "and"
Eg. P(A∩B) - 10Define "Union"Rep by "∪", means "or"
Eg. P(A∪B) - 11Define "Conditional Prob."
- 12Define "Independence"When one event does not affect another
So, P(A and B) = P(A) ⋅ P(B)
- 13Define "General Multiplication Rule"P(A∩B) = P(A) ⋅ P(B|A)
- 14How to find P(at least 1 occurrence)?1 - P(no occurrence)
- 15Break Time! Here's an example Tree Diagram! (You can use them on FRQs!)
- 16Changes during Linear Transformation (adding and subtracting constant "c")Shape: Stays the same
Center: add or subtract "c"
Variability: Stays the same - 17Changes during Linear Transformation (dividing and multiplying constant "c")Shape: Stays the same
Center: Multiply or divide "c"
Variability: Multiply or divide "c" - 18How does Combining two Variables affect x̄ and 𝜎?
- 19Norm. Prob. Dist.Find μ and 𝜎
(x- μ) / 𝜎 - 20Criteria for Binomial Setting?Binary: Success of Failure
Independent: Each trial Ind.
Number of Trials: "n" fixed
Same Prob. of Success: "p"
BINS! - 21Define "Binomial Setting"BINS!
Shape: Histogram
Center: μ
Variability: 𝜎 - 22Binomial Dist. Mean formula & FRQ Starterμ = n ⋅ p
"In the long run, the average # of [Success Context] is μ out of "n". - 23Binomial Dist. Standard Distribution formula & FRQ StarterThe # of successes typically varies by 𝜎 from the mean of μ out of "n"
- 24Define "10% Condition"When taking rand. sample (without replacement!) size "n" from a pop. size "N" we can use a binomial dist. if
[n ≤ 0.10(N)] - 25Define "Large Counts Condition"You may use a norm. dist. to model a binomial dist. if:
np ≥ 10 [expected # of success]
&
n(1-p) ≥ 10 [expected # of failures] - 26Define "Geometric Setting"Same as binomial BUT no set # of trials
Binary
Independent
Trials until success
Same prob.
BITS! - 27Define "Geometric Formula"P(X=x) = (1-p)^(x-1) ⋅ p
- 28How to describe Geometric Dist.Shape: Right Skewed
Center: μ = 1/p
Variability: 𝜎 = sqrt 1-p/p
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- AP Statistics Flashcards on AP Statistics Midterms Flashcards, created by Auki Toapanta on 04/01/2023.
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- Auki Toapanta
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