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GAS

Matt Rosoff Statistics 12th grade English 41 cards

Cards in this deck (41)

  1. 1DATAthe values that are measured or categories recorded on individual entities of interest
  2. 2Observational UnitsThe individual entity in which data is recorded
  3. 3VariablesRecorded characteristics of the observational unit
  4. 4Quantitative VariablesTaking numerical values on which ordinary arithmetic operations make sense
  5. 5Categorical VariablesCategory designations. EX: eye color, marital status, voting in the last election are examples of such
  6. 6DistributionDescribing the pattern of value/category outcomes
  7. 7PopulationThe entire collection of observational units we are interested in
  8. 8CensusWhen data are gathered on all individuals in the population
  9. 9SampleA subset of the population on which we record data
  10. 10StatisticA number calculated from the observed data which summarizes information about the variable of interest
  11. 11Data TableFormat for storing data values
  12. 12HistogramA graph used with quantitative variables
  13. 13representativeA sample is representative if it has the same characteristics as the population
  14. 14BiasedA sampling method is biased if statistics from different samples consistently overestimate or consistently underestimate the population parameter of interest
  15. 15Convenience samplesA nonrandom sample of a population
  16. 16Simple Random SampleThis is the most common type of random sample. This method ensures that every sample of size N is equally likely to be the sample selected from the population. Each observational unit has the same chance of being selected as every other observational unit
  17. 17Sampling FrameA list of all the members of the population of interest from which random samples are taken; if the sampling frame does not contain all the members of the population of interest, the resulting sampling method could be biased
  18. 18X-BarThis sign means the sample average of a quantitative variable
  19. 19Sampling VariabilityThe amount that a statistic changes as it is observed repeatedly
  20. 20Dot Plotgraph with one dot representing the variable outcome for each observational unit
  21. 21DistributionValues taken by the variable and how many of (X) has those values
  22. 22VariabilityThe spread in observations for a quantitative variable
  23. 23ProcessAn endless series of potential observations
  24. 24ShapesCharacteristic of the distribution of a quantitative variable
  25. 25CentersA middle or typical value of a quantitative variable
  26. 26Standard DeviationA measure of the variability of a quantitative variable, the typical distance (absolute value) between the data values and the mean of the distribution
  27. 27SkewedNot symmetric and instead, the bulk of values favor one side with a "longer tail"
    Right skewed distribution has tail on right.
    Left skewed distribution has tail on the left.
  28. 28Measurement UnitsThe units of measurement (min, hr., etc) of your quantitative variable
  29. 29MedianMiddle data value when data are sorted in order from smallest to largest
  30. 30Right skewlarger percentage of data values BELOW mean
  31. 31Left Skewlarger percentage of data values ABOVE mean
  32. 32OutlierAn observation that does not fit the overall pattern of the distribution
  33. 33Resistantthe stats are resistant if their value does not change considerably when extreme observations are removed from a data set
  34. 34Unusual observationsObservations made that are significantly different from what the data suggested
  35. 35Strength of evidence:How strong is the evidence in our example
  36. 36Central Limit TheoremThe distribution of sample means is normal or approximately normal with mean equal to the population mean and the standard deviation equal to s_1n, which can be estimated by s_1n
  37. 37Standard error:An estimate of the standard deviation of sample statistics across many samples
  38. 38T-distributionA mathematical model for t-statistics
  39. 39T-StatisticThe standardized statistic for the sample mean using the standard deviation of x (the standard error ) s_1n
  40. 40one-sample t-testA theory based approach to test inferences about a population mean
  41. 41—

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12th grade Statistics Flashcards on GAS, created by Matt Rosoff on 21/08/2023.
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Matt Rosoff
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