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Earth Science (1)

Ennia Ballinger Earth Science 9th grade English 67 cards

Cards in this deck (67)

  1. 1_____ can form from volcanic gases, sediment formation, oxidation, crystallization from magma, or deposition from a saline fluid, to list a few.minerals
  2. 2Magma cools slowly inside Earth, which gives mineral crystals time to ...grow large enough to be seen clearly
  3. 3In a cooling lava, mineral crystals do not have time to ...form and are very small.
  4. 4Existing rocks may be heated enough so that ...the molecules are released from their structure and can move around.
  5. 5When water evaporates, it leaves behind ...a solid precipitate of minerals
  6. 6When the amount is too great to stay dissolved in the water, the particles ...come together to form mineral solids, which sink.
  7. 7The mineral deposits that form when a mineral fills cracks in rocks are called ...veins
  8. 8An ore is a rock that contains ...minerals with useful elements.
  9. 9A mineral deposit will only be mined if it is ...profitable.
  10. 10_____ allows extraction of ores that are close to Earth’s surface.Surface mining
  11. 11surface mining includes _____. Other methods of surface mining include strip mining, placer mining, and dredging.open-pit mining and mountaintop removal
  12. 12California’s nickname, the Golden State, can be traced back to the discovery of _____ of gold in 1848.placer deposits
  13. 13How underground mining is approached - ... - depends on the placement of the ore body, its depth, concentration of ore, and the strength of the surrounding rock.from above, below, or sideways
  14. 14Underground mining is very ...expensive and dangerous.
  15. 15Rocks are crushed so that the valuable minerals can be ...separated from the waste rock.
  16. 16the addition of chemicals, such as cyanide or acid, to remove ore.heap leaching
  17. 17the addition of a compound that attaches to the valuable mineral and floats.flotation
  18. 18roasting rock, causing it to segregate into layers so the mineral can be extracted.smelting
  19. 19Extracting metal from rock is so energy intensive that if you ...recycle just 40 aluminum cans, you will save the energy equivalent of one gallon of gasoline.
  20. 20Surface mining clears the landscape of trees and soil, and ...nearby streams and lakes are inundated with sediment.
  21. 21U.S. law has changed so that in recent decades a mine region must be _____, a process called reclamation.restored to its natural state
  22. 22A _____ is a material that is cut and polished for jewelry.gemstone, or gem
  23. 23Most gemstones are cut along cleavage faces and then polished so that...light bounces back off the cleavage planes
  24. 24Diamonds are used to ...., because they are so hard.cut and polish other materials
  25. 25The mineral ____ is used for the sheetrock in homes.gypsum
  26. 26____ is the source for the aluminum used in soda cans.bauxite
  27. 27_____ cause landforms to grow.Constructive forces
  28. 28_____ wear landforms down.Destructive forces
  29. 29The slow processes of mechanical and chemical weathering and erosion work over time to...change once high mountains into smooth flat plateaus.
  30. 30The continents are large land areas extending from ...high mountaintops to sea level.
  31. 31The ocean basins extend from the edges of the continents down ...steep slopes to the ocean floor and into deep trenches.
  32. 32Crustal deformation – ... – results in hills, valleys, and other landforms.when crust compresses, pulls apart, or slides past other crust
  33. 33Sediments are deposited to form landforms, such as ...deltas.
  34. 34______ are important forces of erosion.Water, wind, ice, and gravity
  35. 35The ocean basins are all younger than ...180 million years.
  36. 36The most distinctive feature is the mountain range that runs through much of the ocean basin, known as ...the mid-ocean ridge.
  37. 37The deepest places of the ocean are the _____, many of which are located around the edge of the Pacific Ocean.ocean trenches
  38. 38Beneath the oceans, volcanic activity forms new seafloor while ...old seafloor is destroyed at the trenches.
  39. 39Scientists, and even people on the move, must have a system to ...locate themselves and important features on the Earth.
  40. 40___ is useful for locating where earthquakes and other things occur.Triangulation
  41. 41A line connecting two different locations has ...direction.
  42. 42A compass is used to determine direction. A compass overlaid on a map can be used to ...show the directions the features are from each other.
  43. 43The geographic North Pole is the point where the axis upon which Earth rotates ...intersects the planet’s surface in the north.
  44. 44Earth’s ... is different from its geographic North Polemagnetic north pole
  45. 45Latitude tells ...the distance north or south of the equator.
  46. 46Longitude lines are circles that go around the Earth from north to south, like the sections of an orange. Longitude is measured ...perpendicular to the equator.
  47. 47Sea level is the ... and is the same all around Earth.average height of the ocean’s surface or the midpoint between high and low tide
  48. 48The ... of a region is the height or depth of that feature relative to sea level.topography
  49. 49Relief or terrain includes ...all the major features or landforms of a region.
  50. 50A ... is the most accurate way to represent Earth's curved surface.globe
  51. 51A location on a globe must be determined using ... because a globe is curvedpolar coordinates
  52. 52A map is a ... with symbols indicating important features.visual representation of a surface
  53. 53... use color to show elevations of larger areasRelief maps
  54. 54Satellite-view maps show ... such as forests, deserts, and mountainsterrains and vegetation
  55. 55... show average temperatures and rainfall.Climate maps
  56. 56... show storms, air masses, and fronts.Weather maps
  57. 57... show elevations using contour lines to reveal landformsTopographic maps
  58. 58... detail the types and locations of rocks found in an areaGeologic maps
  59. 59A ... is a way to represent the Earth’s curved surface on flat paper.projection
  60. 60In 1569, Gerardus Mercator developed the ...Mercator projection
  61. 61The features of Earth’s surface are ..., creating a Mercator projection map.projected out onto the cylinder and then unrolled
  62. 62With the Mercator projection, near the equator the shapes and sizes of features are correct, but ...features get stretched out near the poles.
  63. 63Early explorers found Mercator maps useful because ...they visited the equatorial regions more frequently.
  64. 64A conic map projection uses a cone shape to better represent regions and best depicts ...the area where the cone touches the globe.
  65. 65With a ..., paper is placed on the area that you want to map. The projection is good for features near that point.gnomonic map projection
  66. 66In 1963, Arthur Robinson created an attractive map projection in which latitude lines are projected but meridians are curved, resulting in a map that is ...an ellipse rather than a rectangle
  67. 67The National Geographic Society uses the ... which uses mathematical formulas to create a map projection that is also distorted at the edgesWinkel Tripel Projection

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Earth Science study guide on Course Hero https://www.coursehero.com/study-guides/earthscienceck12x33/
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Ennia Ballinger
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