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Flashcards

Atomic Theory

Harman Gill Chemistry English 43 cards

Cards in this deck (43)

  1. 1What is chemistry?Study of matter. Specifically the matters composition and properties and the changes they undergo
  2. 2What has definite composition and cannot be separated by physical meansany type of substance like an element or compound
  3. 3Matter that can be separated by physical meansMixtures (Homogenous, Heterogenous)
  4. 4Matter that can be separated by chemical decompositioncompounds
  5. 5matter that cannot be separated by chemical decompositionElements
  6. 6What are the 3 basic laws of chemsitryConservation of mass, definite proportions, multiple proportions
  7. 7Conservation of massMass is neither created nor destroyed. the mass of reactants equals the mass of products
  8. 8Law of definite proportionsgiven compound has the same elements in the exact same proportions by mass
  9. 9Law of multiple proportionswhen the same elements can form 2 different compunds
  10. 10what was J.Dalton's theory1. each element is composed of indivisible atoms.
    2. All atoms in an element have the same mass and properties that distinguish them from other elements
    3. Atoms combine to form compounds
    4. In a chemical reaction, atoms rearrange themselves but don't change into different elements
  11. 11J. Dalton made the discovery of the billiard ball model. who came next and what discovery did they make.J.J Thomson who created the plum pudding model. The model was created due to the discovery of the electron by J.J Thomson
  12. 12What did R.R Millikan dofound the charge to mass ratio after his oil drop experiment
  13. 13what did Rutherford doFounded the nuclear model and discovered 99% of the mass of an atom comes from a nucleus filled with protons and neutrons. his experiment with gold foil showed that alpha particles passed straight through and some deflected very abnormally
  14. 14what allows us to identify an elementIt's number of protons. electrons and neutrons can create isotopes and ions which is why they aren't considered as identifiers of an element
  15. 15what does X, A, and Z represent for an elementX represents the letters of the element. A represents the mass number. Z represents the atomic mass number
  16. 16what are isotopesdifferent # of neutrons in an atom for an element. the mass number given in the periodic table is an average mass of all isotopes for that element
  17. 17equation for percent abundanceA = m1p1 x m2p2 (p2 is x-1 and p1 is x ; you solve for x to find percent abundance)
  18. 18what does classical physics say about mattertravels in a definite path and has particle like behaviours. Matter takes up space and has mass
  19. 19What does classical physics say about energyenergy does not have mass and does not take up space. All energy travels in waves, scatters, and is continous
  20. 20What is EMRAn electric field and magnetic field traveling perpendicular to each other
  21. 21What 3 parameters describe EMRfrequency, wavelength and amplitide
  22. 22what is frequencythe number of times a wave passes through a certain point in 1 second
  23. 23What is wavelengthThe distance between 2 troughs or 2 peaks
  24. 24what is amplitideamplitude is the height of the peak or depth of the trough. amplitude plays a role in intensity of light
  25. 25What increases the intensity of EMRAmplitude
  26. 26describe the relationships between frequency, energy, and wavelengthfrequency is directly proportional to energy. energy goes up, frequency goes up. frequency and wavelength have a reciprocal relationship. frequency goes up, wavelength decreases. energy goes up, wavelength decreases
  27. 27what is De Broglie's equation and what is it representinglambda = h/p (p is also mu) . explaining the particle nature of particles
  28. 28what is refractionthe bending of light as it passes from one medium to another. it can also cause light to speed up or slow down via the bending
  29. 29what is diffractionthe spreading out/ interference of waves around an obstacle
  30. 30what 3 experiments explained how energy is quantized (particle nature of light)1. Black body radiation
    2. atomic spectra
    3. photoelectric effect
  31. 31summarize in a sentence what blackbody radiation is.a hot object radiates energy over a broad range of frequencies / wavelengths.
  32. 32what did classical physics have a hard time understanding with the blackbody radiatonAs the energy increases, so will the frequency. However, it was observed that at smaller wavelengths the emission was lower and the equations in classical physics couldn't solve this
  33. 33What did Plank doAfter the "ultraviolet catastrophe", plank suggested that waves can only contain specific energy (quantized energy)
  34. 34explain monochromaticlight of one colour
  35. 35explain polychromaticvisible light. Contains all colours of the spectrum to create visible light
  36. 36what observations were reported during the photoelectric effect experimenteach metal has it's own unique threshold frequency and when a monochromatic light of threshold frequency hits the metal, an electron is emitted. increasing the intensity of the threshold light emitted more electrons. increasing the frequency increased the kinetic energy of the electron. any light below the threshold frequency did not eject an electron regardless of intensity of light
  37. 37why suggested that light is a particle. What is that particle calledPlanck suggested the existence of photons to Einstein
  38. 38what is planck's equationE=hf (E= hc / lambda)
  39. 39what does a vaporized element do when it absorbs energyproduces light in a discontinuous spectrum
  40. 40what does a flame test tell uscertain metals produce a characteristic colours (most in the visible region). spectral lines are produced when an electron moves from one energy level to another
  41. 41What were the problems with Rutherford's model1. charged particle moving emit EMR and would lose energy, suggesting that the electron would crash into the nucleus
    2. Line spectra simply couldn't be explained by Rutherford's model
  42. 42What did neils bohr dosuggested energy levels and created a model for the hydrogen atom (and other hydrogen-like species) that contained the energy levels. The electron does not lose energy in the stationary states and emits or absorbs photons to move between these energy states
  43. 43—

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Chemistry Flashcards on Atomic Theory, created by Harman Gill on 24/09/2023.
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Harman Gill
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