Flashcards
Applied Science- Chemistry Pearson
Cards in this deck (64)
- 1Atomic NumberNumber of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- 2Mass NumberNumber of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
- 3OrbitalRegion of space that can hold up to 2 electrons of opposite spin
- 4IonIons are formed when atoms lose or gain electron
- 5CationA positive ion
- 6AnionA negative ion
- 7GroupA vertical column in the periodic table
- 8PeriodA horizontal row in the periodic table
- 91st Ionisation EnergyEnergy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms
- 101st IE (trend down a group)Decreases down a group as
More electron shells
More shielding
Outer electron is further from the nucleus so less attracted to it
Less energy is required to remove it - 111IE (across a period)Increase across a period (generally)
More protons
No change in shielding
Outer electron is closer to nucleus so more attracted to it
More energy is required to remove it - 12Successive Ionisation EnergyEnergy required to remove successive electrons from a gaseous atom
- 13Successive ionisation energyIncrease as
Outer electron becomes harder to remove
As ion is becomes more positive
Outer electron is more attracted to nucleus
More energy is required to remove it - 141st Electron affinityEnergy released when one mole of electrons added to one mole of gaseous atoms
- 15ElectronegativityThe ability of an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bind
- 16Atomic radius (trend down a group)Increases down a group
More electron shells
More shielding
Outer electron is further from the nucleus - 17Atomic radius (trend across a period)Decreases across a period
More protons
No change in shielding
Outer electron is closer to the nucleus - 18IsoelectricHave the same electron configuration
- 19Metallic bondElectrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and sea of electrons
- 20Metallic structureRegular arrangement of positive metal ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
- 21Metals conduct electricityAs they have free electrons which can move and carry charge
- 22Metals are malleable and ductileAs the layers of ions can slide over each other without disrupting the bonding
- 23Metals have a high melting points (generally)As the strong metallic binds require a lot of energy to break
- 24Ionic bondElectrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
- 25Ionic substances conduct electricityWhen molten and dissolved as the ions are free to move and carry charge
- 26Ionic substances do not conduct electricityWhen solid as the ions are not free to move and carry charge
- 27Ionic substances have a high melting pointAs the strong ionic bonds require a lot of energy to break
- 28Covalent bondElectrostatic attraction between shared pair of electrons and two nuclei
- 29Simple covalent structureA limited number of atoms covalently bonded
- 30Covalent substances don't conduct electricityAs there are no free electrons to move and carry charge
- 31Simple covalent structures have low boiling pointsAs the weak van waals forces between the molecules do not require a lot of energy to break
- 32Dative co-ordinative bondA lone pair donates both electrons to the covalent bond
- 33Giant covalent structureA lattice of many atoms covalently bonded
- 34Metallic characterThe ability of an atom to lose electrons
- 35Bonding (down a group)Metallic character increases down a group
- 36Bonding (across a period)Metallic character decreases
Changes from metallic to covalent
Structure changes from giant to simple molecular to monoatomic - 37Intermolecular forcesInteractions between molecules
- 38Van der WaalsMovement of electrons in a molecule causes a temporary dipole in another molecule
More electrons/greater RMM
Greater van der waals
More energy required to separate molecules - 39Permanent dipole-permanent dipoleDipole greater as one atom is more electronegative than another
Larger difference in electronegativity
Greater the dipole - 40Hydrogen bondingHydrogen directly bonded to N, O or F
Lone pair on N, O or F is attracted to slightly positive H on another molecule
Strongest of the IMFs - 41Metal + oxygenMetal + oxygen--> metal oxide
- 42Metal + waterMetal + water--> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
- 43Metal + acidMetal + acid--> salt + hydrogen
- 44Non-metal + oxygenNon-metal + oxygen --> non-metal oxide
- 45Metal oxidesAre ionic
Are bases
Are generally insoluble - 46Metal hydroxidesAre ionic
Are bases
Are generally insoluble - 47Non-metal oxidesAre covalent
Are acidic - 48Reacitivity of metals (trend down a group)Increases down a group
More electrons shells
More shielding
Outer electron further from the nucleus so less attracted to it
Outer electron is more easily lost - 49Reacitivity of metals (trend across a period)Decreases across a period
More protons
No change in shielding
Outer electron closer to the nucleus so more attracted to it
Outer electron is harder to lose - 50Displacement reactionWhen a more reactive element replaces a less reactive one
- 51Oxidation (electrons)Loss of electron
- 52Reduction (electrons)Gain of electrons
- 53Oxidation (oxidation no)Increase in oxidation number
- 54Reduction (oxidation no)Decrease in oxidation number
- 55Redox reactionWhen oxidation and reduction both occur in the same reaction
- 56Relative Atomic Massaverage mass of an atom compared to 1/12th mass of carbon-12
- 57Relative Formula MassSum of RAMs of all the atoms in the formula
- 58One moleContains the same number of particles as 12.000g of carbon-12
- 59Avogadro's constantOne mole of a substance contains 6.02x10^23 particles
- 60No of particlesno of particles = n x Na
- 61Moles (equation)Moles= mass/RFM
n= m/RFM - 62% Yield% Yield= (actual yield/ theorotical yield) x 100
- 63MolarityMoles of a substance dissolved in 1dm^3 of water
- 64Moles (equation)moles= concentration x volume
n= cV
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- Chemistry Flashcards on Applied Science- Chemistry Pearson, created by Amelia Fijalkowska on 13/11/2023.
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