Flashcards
Network Topologies and Types NET+ M1
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1Mesh Topologyevery node is directly connected to one another
- 2Star Topologynodes are connected to a central device
on an enterprise scale, this would be called hub and spoke - 3Bus Topologynodes are connected to a central backbone
every node gets every message
requires terminators on the ends to avoid signal bouncing back - 4Ring Topologyevery node is connected to two other nodes
traffic typically only moves in one direction to prevent collisions
physical configuration is rarely in a circle - 5Peer-to-Peernodes are connected to one another
every node acts as a client and server
mesh topologies are frequent - 6Client-Serverone or more nodes is configured in a server role that responds to requests from client nodes
- 7PANdevices are connected within about 10 meters
cell phone, wearable tech, Bluetooth peripherals/devices, and some Wi-Fi-enabled devices - 8LANspans up to a single building
connected to a WAN using a router - 9WANspans large geographical areas
- 10MANspans a regional area such as a city
often used by municipalities and utility companies - 11CANnot as large as a MAN
used by organizations that have many buildings in close proximity - 12SANnetwork of storage devices with block-level data access
devices are generally connected through a gateway - 13FCPfiber channel protocol
used for SANs
requires special hardware
routable - 14iSCSIinternet small computer systems interface
used for SANs
can enable jumbo frames
runs on existing architecture
routable - 15FCoEfiber channel over Ethernet
can use jumbo frames
slower than FC
uses existing Ethernet infrastructure
not routable (layer 2 protocol) - 16File-Level Storagehierarchical structure
retains metadata and indexes files
utilizes NFS. SMB, and CIFS
used by NAS
data stored in same storage area - 17Block-level Storageuses storage addresses that identity a block of data
complex system used by SAN
no file structure, no metadata
data can be stored in different areas
much faster - 18SDWANapplies SDN principles to WAN
requires special hardware
3 layers: infrastructure, control, application - 19MPLSmultiprotocol label switching
attaches a label to packets with the full path info to avoid encapsulating and de-encapsulating at layers 2 and 3 - 20mGREmultipoint generic encapsulation
creates multiple GRE tunnels on a single interface of a router
requires multiple routers - one router will act as a hub which will receive NHRP requests from spoke routers - 21Virtualizationcreating a logical representation of components through software
- 22Hypervisorsoftware layer that gives the device the capability of virtualized functions
- 23Type 1 Hypervisor"bare metal"
replaces the OS
used in production environments - 24Type 2 Hypervisorsits on top of existing OS
used in personal, academic, and development environments - 25External Virtual Switchbinds itself to the hosts NIC to allow the VM to access the physical network
- 26Internal Virtual Switchcreates a bridge so the VMs can communicate with the host machine, but not externally
- 27Private Virtual Switchcreates a network usable only by other VMs
- 28NFVnetwork function virtualization
the process of assigning VMs the same processes as dedicated network hardware
functions that are virtualized in NFV are known as VNFs (virtual network functions) - 29Demarcation Point"demarc"
defines where a public network ends and a private network begins
ISP is responsible for cabling outside of the demarc
demarc for larger buildings will be the MDF, for a house it will be a socket or boundary box outside the house - 30Smart Jackused by ISPs to allow remote management of customers' specific line
contains a PCB board that can be used for signal conversion, protocol interpretation, or buffering and signal regeneration - 31SONETconverts electrical signals into optical so transmissions can travel longer distances
OC (optical carrier)
OC1 is 51.84 Mbit/s
OC3 is 155.52 Mbit/s
OC12 is 622.08 Mbit/s
OC48 is 2.488 Gbit/s
OC192 is 9.953 Gbit/s
OC768 is 39.813 Gbit/s - 32DSHdigital signal hierarchy
defines the performance of leased lines
DS-0 = 64 Kbps over 1 channel
DS-1 = 1.544 over 24 channels (T-1 line)
DS-3 = 44.736 Mbps over 672 channels (T-3 line) - 33SDNsoftware defined networking
3 layers: application, control, infrastructure
admins can fully automate or orchestrate deployment of network links, appliances, and servers
best to use spine and leaf architecture - 34ToRtop-of-rack switching
used to decrease length of cable runs and faster routes with VLANs
every server has a switch at the top
the ToR switch connects to an aggregation switch at the end of the row to connect servers to the network - 35EoRend-of-row switching
each server is directly connected to the aggregation switch
excellent cable management is required
uses fewer devices - 36Colocationrenting out space in an existing data center
you own the equipment but not the building
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- CompTIA Information Technology (Network +) Flashcards on Network Topologies and Types NET+ M1, created by Lyndsay Badding on 14/02/2024.
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