Flashcards
Digestive System
Cards in this deck (46)
- 1What are the 3 major salivary glandsSublingual, parotid, submandibular
- 2What are the 4 main regions of the stomach?Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric - 3Function of parietal cellsSecrete intrinsic factor and HCl
- 4What actives PepsinogenHCl
Hyrdochloric acid - 5What is Peyers patches?Lymph nodules located in the small intestine
- 6Which vein carries deoxygenated blood containing newly absorbed nutrients, drugs and possibly toxins from the GI tract to the liver?Hepatic portal vein
- 7Difference between endocrine and exocrine?Endocrine enters blood stream
Exocrine through ducts - 8Actions of pancreasEndocrine: Release hormones into bloodstream insulin and glucogon.
Exocrine: Release digestive enzymes (lipase, amylase, protease) and bicarbonate through ducts into duodenum. - 9AbsorptionTaking in nutrients from the small intestine
- 10AdventitiaSerosa
Connective tissue
Attaches the organ to surrounding structures
secretes serous fluid
Superficial layer if lining of hollow organs through digestive tract. - 11AmylaseEnzyme from saliva and pancreatic juices that break down polysaccharides (starch & glycogen) to di/mono
Di - lactose, sucrose, maltose
Mono- Glucose, Galactose, fructose - 12AnusExternal opening
Contains internal and external sphincter muscles - 13BileCreated by liver
Stored in gallbladder
Contains bile acid -> bile salts
cholesterol, biliruben, phospholipids, electrolytes.
Emusifier for fats - 14BolusCreated from chewed food + saliva
- 15CaecumBeginning of large intestine
Receives chyme from small intestine
Water and electrolyte reabsorption - 16CanaliculiBile channels from liver to gallbladder
- 17CardiaUpper region of stomach
Bolus enters through cardia sphincter - 18ChymeOnce bolus has reached stomach and mixed with gastric juices become chyme
- 19Circular Foldsin small intestine
force chyme to spiral
gives more time for absorption
increase SA - 20ColonAbsorb water and electrolytes
Absorb Vit K & Vit B - 21Crypts of LieberkuhnPits between vili of small intestinal walls that secrete intestinal juice.
- 22DeglutitionSwallowing
Involves voluntary and involuntary stage - 23DigestionBreakdown of food
Chemical by enzymes and acids
Mechanical - 24DuodenumThe upper small intestinal tract
Receives bile and pancreatic juice - 25EmulsificationBreaking down large fat molecules to be absorbed
- 26FundusUpper dome shaped region for holding gas
- 27Gall BladderStores bile from the liver
- 28HepatocytesCell from the liver that produces bile
- 29Hydrochloric AcidSecretion from Parietal cells in stomach
Functions: kill bacteria, break down connective tissue, denature proteins, creates chyme, activate lipase and pepsinogen, converts Fe3+ to Fe2+ - 30IleumLast part of small intestine
Connects large intestine with Ileocalec valve
covered in serosa and suspended with mesentary - 31JejunumSecond part of small intestine
covered in serosa and suspended with mesentary - 32LactealSpecialized capillary in the vili of small intestine that absorbs chyle (emulsified fats)
- 33LiverCreate bile
!!!!!!@@! - 34LobulesThe functional units of liver that help create bile, filter blood,
- 35MucosaDeepest layer of the epithelium of digestive tract
Secrete
Absorb
Protect - 36Mucuslines the stomach mucosa, protects against erosion, acids, enzymes.
- 37PancreasSecretes pancreatic juice into duodenum which contains bicarbonate to neutralize acids and enzymes that aid in digestion.
Protease
Amylase
Lipase
And nucleases (Break down DNA) - 38PepsinActivate form by HCl in stomach from Pepsinogen (from chief cells)
cleaves polypeptides into smaller polypeptides and peptides - 39PeristalsisPushing of food with longitudinal and circular muscles
Strongest in esophagus and stomach
Weakest in small intestine - 40Muscularis3rd layer in epithelial lining of digestive tract.
2 layers: inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer
mainly smooth muscle except:
mouth, pharynx, 1/3 esophagus, external anal sphincter. - 41Pancreatic juice consists ofWater
Bicarbonate
Amylase
Proteases:
Lipase:
Nucleases: - 42When Chyme enters DuodenumChyme (fats and protein) trigger release of CCK and secretin from cells
CCK: triggers secretion of enzyme rich pancreatic juice
Secretin: trigger Bicarbonate rich pan. juice - 43SegmentationAlternating contractions in small intestine that mix chyme, pancreatic juices and bile.
- 44SinusoidsVascular channels between blood and hepatocytes that allow exchange
- 45Submucosa2nd layer of alimentary canal
Areolar (loose) connective tissue
Highly vascular
Contains most GI nerves: regulating movement of small intestine, stomach and blood vessels (vaso constrict/dilate) - 46TongueSkeletal muscle
grips food and mixes into bolus
Information
- Description
- Flashcards on Digestive System, created by Elizabeth Walker on 18/05/2025.
- Created by
- Elizabeth Walker
- Views
- 2
- Rating