4295283
Description
Flashcards by Alex Nguyen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alex Nguyen
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Who spoke Indo-European, when and where did they live | * Nomadic tribes * 3 500 - 3 000 BC * They lived by the Black Sea |
| What is a reconstructed language and name one | * No written proof of the language (writing wasn't invented & nomads moving = create new language) * Indo-European |
| What are the oldest languages which we have written proof of | * 2 000 BC: Sanskrit * 1 500 BC: Greek * 500 BC: Latin |
| What divided West Germanic into 3 parts and name them | * Consonant shift 1- Old High German 2- Old Low German 3- Anglo-Saxon (O.E.) |
| Why was England less affected by the consonant shift | * It was an island in the North = isolated |
| How did that affect the language and give examples | English has kept some earlier consonant characteristics of German: * p--> pf (pepper --> pfepper) * t --> ß or s (water --> wasser) (foot --> futß) |
| What other languages resembles Old English grammar | Latin and German |
| Old English Grammar: | * Genders (masc. or fem.) * Noun declension (inflections of a noun indicates the no., case, gender) => not necessary for words to be in order * Adjective inflection (must agree with the noun) * Strong/weak verbs (regular/irregular) |
| Give examples of noun declension with the word dog | * Gender: masculin * Singular: * Plural subjective: hund hundas genetive: hundes hunda dative: hunde hundum |
| How many Celtic words came into English and give examples | * 12 words * Rivers: Thames, Avon * Places: Dover, Kent * Crag = high rock * Dry = druid |
| How did Greek words came into English and give examples | * Monks of the monastery Lindisfarne (Holy Island) wrote manuscrites => gospel words: angel, altar, psalm, martyr |
| Name Sanskrit words | deva --> divin me, three, father, mother, new |
| How many English words come from A/S and give examples | * 90% of English words * -ton = enclosure (Boston) * -ham = town (Buckingham) * -stead = site (Hamstead) * wife, the, this, that |
| Give examples of words with Norse origins | * -beck = stream * -thorpe = settlement * kirkby = farm by the church * -toft = piece of land * husband |
| Name the word foot and ten in M.E., O.E., O.H.G., Gothic, Latin and Greek | M.E.: foot ten O.E.: fót tien O.H.G.: fuotz zehen Gothic: fotos taihum Latin: pes decem Greek: pod deka |
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