Flashcards
Chapter 10- Skill Aquisition in Practical Situations
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1Factors in trainingNature of the individuals:
Age, gender, abilities, stage of learning, motivation, size of group.
Nature of the task:
Open or closed, Gross or fine, Discrete, serial or continuous, self or externally paced.
Experience of teacher/coach:
Amount of knowledge on the activity, personality, relationship with the group.
Environmental conditions:
Facilities and equipment, time available, purpose of the session. - 2Teaching styles: Command styleInvolves the teacher making all the decisions with no input from the learner.
Ideal situations:
--Large group
-Complex tasks
-Whether the situation is dangerous
-Novice performers
Advantages:
-Clear instructions
-Control and discipline are maintained
-Large groups catered for easily.
Disadvantages:
-Lack of understanding from the learners
-Limited individual feedback is given
-No creativity - 3Teaching styles: Reciprocal styleInvolves most of the decisions being made by the teacher with some learner input.
Ideal situations:
-More experienced learners
-Simple skills
-Available time
Advantages:
-Some individual feedback
-Teacher can still maintain control
-Learner develop responsibility for their own learning
Disadvantages:
-Difficult with beginners
-Incorrect feedback by the learner
-Difficult monitoring large groups - 4Teaching styles: Discovery styleInvolves the teacher guiding the learner to find the correct movement pattern by asking questions and giving cues.
Ideal situations:
-Creativity is required
-No right or wrong outcome
-More experienced performers
Advantages:
-Encourages creativity
-Learners can work at their own pace
-Increased motivation
Disadvantages:
-Time consuming
-Difficult for beginners and those that lack creativity
-Limited development - 5Teaching styles: Problem-solving styleInvolves the teacher setting a problem and the learner devising a suitable solution.
Ideal situations:
-No correct outcome
-Time is not a restriction
-Experienced performers - 6Whole learningInvolves the performer attempting the whole movement pattern after observing a demonstration or being given verbal instructions.
Ideal situations:
-Simple skill
-Motivated performer
-Experienced performer
Advantages:
-If the performer is able to develop awareness of the entire movement
-If the performer is experienced
-If the performer can develop their own schema.
Disadvantages:
-Difficult to use with complex skills
-Not ideal for dangerous skills - 7Part learningInvolves the performer completing sub routines of the overall movement in isolation before attempting the overall motor programme.
Ideal situations:
-Complex skill
-Long sequence skill
-Inexperienced performer
Advantages:
-Specific aspects of the skill can be modified
-Reduces the element of risk
-Maintains motivation levels
Disadvantages:
-Reduces overall kinaesthetic awareness
-Time consuming
-Some skills may be difficult to break down - 8Type of practice: Massed practiceInvolves the repeated practice of skills with little or no recovery periods between trials.
Ideal situations:
-Discrete skills
-Performer is well motivated
-Experienced performer
-High level of fitness
Care must be taken to avoid:
-Boredom
-Fatigue
-Over training - 9Type of practice: Distributed practiceInvolves the repeated practice of skills with a recovery period before repetition of the skill.
Ideal situation:
-New and complex skill
-Dangerous skill
-Novice performer
-Performer has low levels of motivation and fitness
Care must be taken to avoid:
-Demotivation
-Loss of concentration - 10Type of practice: Variable practiceInvolves the coach using a mixture of both massed and distributed practice within a session. This helps to maintain the motivation levels.
- 11Type of practice: Mental practiceInvolves the cognitive rehearsal of a skill without physical movement. This may be used before a movement is about to take place or after training.
They can do this in 2 ways:
Internal-Involves the performer seeing themselves from within completing the action.
External-Involves the performer seeing themselves as a spectator completing the action.
Ideal situations:
-Experienced performers
-Confidence needs to be developed
-The performer is injured and some form of practice needs to be maintained
Optimised by:
-Quiet location
-Regular practice
-Focusing on the task itself - 12Methods of guidance: Visual guidanceInvolves the performer attempting to create a mental picture of the skill by observing a demonstration.
Factors that should be considered:
-Accurate demonstrations
-Information should be relevant to the age and ability of the performer
-Stimuli must be clear
-Relevant instructions - 13Methods of guidance: Verbal guidanceInvolves explaining the motor skill to be performed, either to understand the skill requirements or to provide feedback.
Factors that should be considered:
-Accurate and clear information
-Limiting the amount of information
-Terminology must be relevant to the age group - 14Methods of guidance: Manual guidanceInvolves the performer being physically placed, forced or corrected into the correct positions.
Factors that should be considered:
-Avoid overuse
-Combine with verbal guidance
-Ensure movement pattern is correct - 15Methods of guidance: Mechanical guidanceInvolves the use of some form of device but has a similar nature to manual guidance, i.e. Swimming floats.
- 16FeedbackThe final stage of information processing. It is vital to the learning process.
Several purposes:
-Detection and correction of errors
-Motivation-Incentive to continue
-Reinforcement of learning
2 major categories:
Intrinsic/Internal feedback-Received from within the performer(kinaesthetic feedback)The performers are able to detect and correct their own errors.
Extrinsic/External feedback-Received from outside the performer usually via sound or vision. The performers receive the information from their teacher, coaches, teammates and videos.
Feedback must be:
-Relevant
-Accurate and specific
-Issued immediately after the action
-Brief
-Not overused
-Be limited
Information
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- AS - Level PE (AS Level) Flashcards on Chapter 10- Skill Aquisition in Practical Situations, created by Ellie Shuter on 19/01/2016.
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- Ellie Shuter
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