436633
Description
Flashcards by Amy Benenson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Amy Benenson
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Biological adaptations to physical stressors | Bergmann's and Allen's Rule, Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation, Natural Selection |
| Cultural adaptations to physical stressors | learned techniques and skills, shared |
| Behavioral adaptations to physical stressors | adaptive/mladaptive, quickly employed, reversible |
| Limiting factors: density dependent | size and range, influenced by the # of individuals in the pop (ie): food, water, space |
| Limiting factors: density independent | pop size irrelevant-range ==> climate, physical geography |
| phenotypic plasticity | a trait that will change when removed from the certain surrounding environment (ie): color change based on season |
| developmental adaptations | permanent, occur in early childhood, anatomical/physiological changes (ie): binding and wrapping of Chinese woman's feet, corsets altering body shape, |
| Metabolism Active vs Basal | active: exercising/moving basal: resting |
| Radiation | the obj that is hotter gives heat to the colder obj, heat (electromagnetic energy) exchange between objs w/in sight, gain or loss |
| conduction | heat (energy) exchange via direct contact, gain or loss |
| convection | heat (energy) exchange between an obj and a fluid and/or gas, gain or loss |
| Evaporation | heat loss - sweating |
| Biological adaptations to cold | insulation, metabolic adjustments |
| Insulation | even distribution of subcutaneous fat, blood flow to the core- vasoconstriction, body size and shape = stocky, high BM, short limbs |
| adjusments | shivering - increased active metabolism |
| Non-shivering | BAT - brain releases norepinephrine --> stimulated BAT activity - heat inside the body |
| Andeans | more efficient at transporting O2, chest dimensions of high alt children are larger @ all ages compared to low alt children, "barrel-chested", greater conc of RBCs and reduced ventilation compared to lowlanders |
| Tibetans | increased rate, lower RBCs than Andeans, high vent rate - less efficient- higher rate |
| organ systems are least affected by PCM | CNS and reproductive systems |
| Vit A | beta-carotene - carrots, liver disease, agriculturalists |
| Vit B | B1 (thiamine) helps breakdown carbs into glucose - milled rice, neuro disease: beriberi pops suffer from this, Thiamine is only high in outer layer of unmilled rice, decrease in NTs and neuron myelination |
| B3 (niacin) | manufactured from tryptophan, maize staple --> those who rely on corn suffer the most, pellagra - high in S. American |
| Vit D | sunlight activates it, calitriol (active), absorb- dietary calcium, tropical and subtropical pops, RICKETS - children, OSTEOMALACIA- ELDERS |
| High frequency of lactose intolerance | N. European pop, African/Asian nomadic, pastoral(herders) pop middle east, NOT CHINA |
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