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Flashcards by Daniel Schmidt, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sam Webb-Smith
over 8 years ago
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Copied by Daniel Schmidt
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a formal and informal empire? | Formal: Countries directly ruled by Britain e.g. India Informal: Countries that traded exclusively with Britain and for had strong cultural ties with e.g. China |
| What are the key features of the economic view of empire? | - J.A. Hobson argued that the British empire expanded due to economical reasons - The theory was that the British produced too much to invest domestically - To invest the capital properly the British empire would have to trade internationally |
| What are the key features to the social view of empire? | - Other historians argued the empire grew due to domestic improvement e.g. growth of industry - Benjamin Disraeli used British expansion as a means for the British public to think less about domestic problems |
| What are the key features to the cultural view of empire? | - British values were superior to African values - British would spread their values e.g. British legal system - David Livingstone was big example of this spreading Christianity and he respected the indigenous people and influenced them into supporting British colonial policy |
| Define imperalism | - A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonisation through the use of military force or other needs |
| Define the scramble of Africa | - Invasion,occupation, colonisation of African territory were European powers tried to gain control of African nations first. Between 1881 and 1814. |
| Give the 5 reasons for why European countries expanded into Africa | - Economic reasons - Great power rivalry - Social Darwinism - Civilising mission - Technology |
| What were the economic reasons to expand into Africa? | - Africa was rich in natural resources e.g. diamond and gold - Lots of things that could not be grown in Britain were found out there and it could make the British very profitable |
| Why was the great power rivalry a reason to expand into Africa? | - To prestigious over other European countries - Other countries didn't want them having more power over them |
| Why was social Darwinism a reason to expand into Africa? | - Darwin's theory became popular in that time period late 19th century - Survival of the fittest the most powerful nations will prosper |
| Key points to the occupation of Egypt | - Britain wanted to gain control over Egypt so that they could have control over the Suez canal - Britain's interest in Egypt was mainly strategic - Egypt supplied the British with Cotton when the Americans stopped |
| Key points of the Suez canal shares | - Disraeli bought 44% of the shares of the canal at the cost of 4 million - 1874 Egypt declared itself bankrupt and this was a good opportunity for the British to take control |
| What happened in the uprising in Egypt and what was the outcome? | - Britain had duel control with France - This angered the Egyptians and Pasha led and uprising and Gladstone agreed to use force 31st of July 1882 to defeat the Egyptian forces - Britain won but Gladstone said the control in Egypt was only temporary |
| Was Gladstone an imperialist? | - No |
| Key points to Germany in the scramble for Africa | - Germany were on the up after the win against France and this caused a wave of nationalism - The Germans then wanted to spread their influence - Germany's economy was improving 700% increase on production between 1871-1890 |
| Key points of France in the scramble for Africa | - France already had an overseas empire in South East Asia - Wanted to out compete the British but they were fairly shaken by the loss in the Franco-Prussian war |
| Britain in the scramble for Africa key points | - Britain in the 1880s was pretty much the most powerful nation in the world - Britain needed to stay powerful and they couldn't allow the Germans to increase their power anymore |
| What is a chartered company? | - An association formed by investors or shareholders for the purpose of trade,exploration and colonisation |
| Why were they formed? | - To band together merchants to undertake ventures requiring more capital than if they were to do it alone |
| Why was the East India company formed? | - So that they could trade with the West Indies - To share in the East Indian spice trade |
| What were the key features of the Indian mutiny and why did they attack? | - Indian traditions weren't respected - In May 1857 Soldiers of the Bengal army shot their British soldiers and marched to Delhi - Indian Sepoy's (serving under British order) broke out of jail and hacked down British soldiers - The public felt the British were taxing them heavily - Use of pig grease in cartridges |
| How was India governed differently after 1857? | Reform of army: - Ratio must be 2:1 British:Native - Artillery under British control Princes: - There loyalty was recognised and they were able to continue ruling their states Government: - British government took direct control of India |
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