Flashcards
Large animal Digestive tract (Ruminant)
Cards in this deck (105)
- 1What is the order of the ruminant stomachs?Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum - 2On which side of the body is the rumen?Left
- 3What is the largest stomach in the calf?Abomasum
- 4What is the largest stomach in the adult ruminant?Rumen
- 5What is known at the true stomach in the ruminant?Abomasum
- 6What is the approximate percentage of the stomach that is made up by the rumen?80% in adult ox
- 7What is the approximate percentage of the stomach that is made up by the reticulum in the adult?5%
- 8What is the approximate percentage of the stomach that is made up by the osmasum in the adult?8%
- 9What is the approximate percentage of the stomach that is made up by the abomasum in adult and calf?Adult: 7%
Calf: 60% - 10Which of the stomach can be seen from the left hand side?Reticulum
Section of the abomasum
Dorsal/Ventral sac in the rumen - 11Which of the stomach can be seen from the right hand side?Reticulum
Rumen
Omasum
Abomasum - 12Which of the stomach compartments are found cranially?Reticulum
Abomasum - 13Describe what can be seen on the left and right view of the stomach.
- 14What compartment of the stomach is found under the cover of the ribs, pushed up against the diaphragm?Reticulum
- 15What is the rumen the principle site for?Bacterial fermentation
- 16Where does the rumen occupy?The majority of the left side of the abdominal cavity
- 17What are the only organs that aren't displaced to the right?Spleen
Reticulum (small part cranially)
Abomasum (small part cranially) - 18Where is the spleen located?Between the body wall and the rumen on the left side
- 19What is the name of the fold that acts as a dam separating the rumen and reticulum?Rumenoreticular fold
- 20What are the external grooves mirrored by?Corresponding internal folds and pillars
- 21What do the external grooves and the internal folds divide the rumen into?Intercommunicating sacs
- 22What is the solid structure called found on the internal surface of the rumen?Ruminal pillar
- 23What is the name of the structure that increases the surface area of the internal surface of the rumen?Ruminal papillae
- 24What can help to distinguish between the different compartments of the stomach?The papillae structure
- 25The stomach compartments are one big open chamber, how does the food travel between them?Has to get over the pillars
- 26Where does the reticulum lie?Cranioventrally
- 27What separates the reticulum from the pericardium?The diaphragm
- 28What is traumatic reticulitis?Penetration by "wire"
- 29What chamber of the stomach are random objects that the ruminant eats likely to be found?Reticulum
- 30What does the internal surface of the reticulum look like?Net-like/ Honeycomb
- 31What do the honey comb structures do to the internal surface of the reticulum?Increase the surface area
- 32Describe the different grooves that can be found on the rumen
- 33Describe the location of the different chambers of the stomach as seen from the left side.
- 34Describe the location of the different chambers of the stomach as seen from the right side.
- 35Describe the internal surface of the rumen.
- 36Describe the internal surfaces of the rumen from the left side.
- 37Describe the interior surface of the reticulum.
- 38In a fixed specimen which chamber of the stomach leaves an impression on the liver?Omasum
- 39Which side is the liver found on in a ruminant?Right due to rumen pushing it there
- 40On what side of the body does the omasum lie?Right
- 41What is found on the left of the omasum?Rumen and reticulum
- 42What 3 things are found on the right of the omasum?Liver
Body wall
Diaphragm - 43What is found on the interior of the omasum?Crescentic laminae
- 44What are all the leaves for in the omasum?Water absorption
- 45What do all the leaves do to the surface area?Increase it
- 46What are the leaves referred to as, by abattoir workers?The bible
(leaves like pages of the book) - 47What occurs in the abomasum?Chemical/acid digestion
- 48Where does the abomasum lie?Mainly in the right of the rumen apart from the fundus
- 49What may occur to the abomasum pathologically?Displacement to the left or right
- 50Which is the most mobile chamber of the stomach?Abomasum
- 51Where are there most papilla in the rumen?Ventrally due to being fluid
- 52Why are there less papilla found dorsally in the rumen?Gas is found dorsally and so less particles to break down
- 53Describe the internal surface of the omasum.
- 54Describe the internal surface of the abomasum.
- 55Name the different chambers of the stomach from these pictures. 1. 2 . 3. 4.1. Rumen
2. Reticulum
3. Omasum
4. Abomasum - 56What is the rumenorecticular (gastric) groove?Two spirally twisted lips on the wall of the reticulum and lesser curvature of the omasum
- 57What does the rumenoreticular groove do when fed with milk in young and electrolytes in adult?Closes
- 58What causes the rumenoreticular groove to close?Vagal reflex
- 59Describe the position of the rumenoreticular groove.
- 60Where does the gastric groove extend from and to?Oesophagus to the abomasum
(bypassing the fore stomachs) - 61What is given in adult ruminants to close the gastric groove to prevent medication from entering the rumen?Copper sulphate
- 62What might occur in the rumen to any medication that is given?Altered
Absorbed - 63Which arteries supply the lesser curvature of the abomasum?Right and left gastric arteries
- 64Which arteries supply the greater curvature of the abomasum?Right and left gastroepiploic arteries
- 65Where do the left and right ruminal arteries follow?Longitudinal grooves
- 66What is the venous drainage of the stomach?Mirror arteries and drain via splenic vein to the portal vein
- 67What is the main artery that supplies the stomach, and which all the branches come off?Coeliac artery
- 68What is the parasympathetic innervation of the stomach?Dorsal vagus to the rumen
Ventral vagus to thre reticulum, omasum and abomasum - 69What is the sympathetic innervation of the stomach?From coeliac plexus, route similar to arteries
- 70At what point does the vagus nerve stop being left/right and becomes dorsal/ventral?Near the heart
- 71Name the 5 attachment areas of the greater omentum.1. Greater curvature of the abomasum
2. Right longitudinal groove of the rumen
3. Left longitudinal groove of the rumen
4. Reticulum
5. Duodenum - 72Where does the greater omentum attach to on the right side of the abdomen?Mesoduodenum
- 73Name the 3 attachments of the lesser curvature.1. Lesser curvature of the abomasum
2. Porta of the liver
3. Greater curvature of the omasum - 74Describe how the omental bursa is formed in the ruminant.
- 75Describe the site of attachment of the greater and lesser omentum.
- 76What is the name of the 2 layers that make up the greater omentum?Superficial wall/leaf
Deep wall/leaf - 77What sits in the supraomental recess?The other sections of the gut
- 78What organ can be seen on the right hand side, due to the rest being covered by the greater omentum?Descending duodenum
- 79Where is the greater omentum attached positionally?Cranially
- 80Which edge of the greater omentum has the free edge and so can be reflected?Caudal
- 81Describe the visceral topography of the left side of the ruminant.
- 82Describe the visceral topography of the right side of the ruminant with the greater omentum removed.
- 83Which section of the gut is enlarged compared to the dog?Caecum
- 84Where does the jejunum hang off?Spiral ascending colon
(looks like a frill) - 85What attaches the ileum to the caecum?Ileocecal fold
- 86Where is the caecum positioned?Dorsal and points caudally in right pelvic inlet
- 87Why is the caecum positioned dorsally?Contains gas
- 88What are the 3 sections of the ascending colon?Proximal (sigmoid) loop
Spiral loop - flattened loop
Distal loop - 89What are the 2 sections that come after the ascending colon?Transverse colon
Descending colon - 90Where does the transverse colon lie?Cranial to the root of the mesentery
- 91On which side are you able to see the spiral loop?Left side
- 92Describe the abdominal viscera as seen on the left hand side.
- 93Describe the abdominal viscera as seen on the right hand side.
- 94Where are the 2 places that can be used to make incisions?Paralumbar incision
Paracostal incision - 95Describe the positions of: Lumbar vertebrae Tuber sacrale Tuber coxae Tuber ischii Greater trochanter Costal arch.
- 96What is a dermatome?An area of skin which each spinal nerve innervates
- 97How are dermatomes named?Named after the spinal nerve
- 98What does paravertebral anaesthesia do?Blocks sensory and motor innervation of the flank, peritoneum and some more viscera by anaesthetising dorsal and ventral branches of the spinal nerves
- 99When may you hear a pop whilst performing paravertebral anaesthesia?When going through the intertransverse ligament
- 100Which spinal nerve will be injected for a paralumbar fossa?T13
- 101Which spinal nerves will be injected for a rumenotomy?T13, L1, L2
- 102Which spinal nerves will be injected for a caesarian?L1, L2
- 103Which spinal nerves will be injected for the udder?L2, L3, L4
- 104What is the first palpable transverse process cranial to tuber coxae?L5
- 105To anaesthetise dermatome L4, where would you inject?Caudal to the transverse process of L4, into the spinal nerves
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- BVSc 1. Alimentary and Renal (Anatomy) Flashcards on Large animal Digestive tract (Ruminant), created by Rachael Jones on 15/02/2016.
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- Rachael Jones
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