Flashcards
Child Language Acquisition Theorists
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- 1What did Noam Chomsky, nativist linguist, believe and theorise?The Language Acquisition Device, or LAD. He believed that learning takes place through an innate brain mechanism, pre-programmed with the ability to acquire grammatical structures. To him, it is also significant that human languages, though they might seem different, share many similarities, which he described as universal grammar, or UG.
- 2What did Berko and Brown (1960s) find about early phonological errors made by children in the 'fis' experiment?They found that a child who referred to a plastic inflatable fish as a 'fis', substituting the s sound for the sh, couldn't link an adult's use of 'fis' with the same object.
- 3What were the four categories for first words identified by Katherine Nelson (1973)?1. Naming things or people (60% of first words were nouns)
2. Actions/ events (verbs were the second largest group, and were used with actions like 'up' or 'down'
3. Describing/ modifying things
4. Personal/ social words (8% of sample)
- 4What did Eve Clark's study of first words find that children base overextensions on?1. The physical qualities of objects
2. Features such as taste, sound, movement, shape, size and texture.
- 5What were Jean Aitchison's developmental stages of children's lexical and semantic development?1. Labelling - Linking words to the objects to which they refer, understanding things can be labelled
2. Packaging - Exploring the labels and to what they can apply. Over/ under extension occurs to understand meaning
3. Network-building - Making connections between words, understanding similarities and opposites in meanings.
- 6What were Jean Piaget's cognitive stages of children's linguistic development?SENSORIMOTOR (up to 2 years) Object permanence develops and the child experiences the physical world through the senses. Lexical choices are concrete rather than abstract.
PRE-OPERATIONAL (2 - 7 years) Language and motor skills develop and become more competent. Language is egocentric
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL (7 - 11 years) Children begin thinking logically about concrete events
FORMAL OPERATIONAL (11+ years) Abstract reasoning skills develop
- 7What were Ursula Bellugi's three stages of negative formation in young children?1. Uses 'no' or 'not' at the beginning or end of a sentence, e.g. 'No wear shoes'
2. Moves 'no/ not' inside the sentence, e.g. 'I no want it'
3. Attaches the negative to auxiliary verbs and the copula verb 'be' securely, e.g. 'No, I don't want to go to nursery' 'I am not'
- 8What were Michael Halliday's functions of speech?INSTRUMENTAL - Used to fulfil a need
REGULATORY - Influence the behaviour of others
INTERACTIONAL - Develop and maintain social relationships
PERSONAL - Convey individual opinions, ideas and personal identity
REPRESENTATIONAL - Convey facts and information
IMAGINATIVE - Create an imaginary world and may be seen in play predominantly
HEURISTIC- Learn about the environment
- 9What were John Dore's functions of speech?LABELLING - Naming a person, object or thing
REPEATING - Repeating an adult word or utterance
ANSWERING - Responding to an utterance of another speaker
REQUESTING ACTION - Asking for something to be done for them
CALLING - Getting attention by shouting
GREETING - Greeting someone or something
PROTESTING - Objecting to requests from others
PRACTISING - Using language when no adult is present
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- A-Level English language (Child language acquisition) Flashcards on Child Language Acquisition Theorists, created by Ashleigh Huddart on 02/03/2016.
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