Flashcards
Unit 1 Keywords
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1Plausibilitywhether or not a claim or piece of evidence is reasonable.
- 2Reputationwhat is generally said or believed about the character of a person or organisation.
- 3Expertiseskills, experience and training that give someone specialist knowledge and judgement.
- 4Motivefactor that may cause a person to act in a particular way.
- 5Vested Interestpersonal interest, usually financial, in a state of affairs or in an organisation leading tothe expectation of personal gain from a favourable outcome.
- 6Neutralitybeing impartial; having no reason to favour either side in a dispute or difference of opinion.
- 7Biastendency to be prejudiced against, or in favour of, certain beliefs, or people who engage in particular activities. This gives a motive or subconscious reason to lie, misrepresent or distort information or evidence, e.g. by being selective in what is reported in order to blame someone else or support strongly held beliefs.
- 8Inconsistencywhen evidence or an argument contains two claims which cannot both be correct at the same time.
- 9Corroborationconfirmation of, or support for, evidence given by one source to another source.
- 10Hearsayevidence based on second hand information from another source, who may have interpreted it.
- 11Eye Witnesssomeone who provides evidence based on first hand experience.
- 12Ability to Perceivea source's ability to use any of the five senses to assess an event or situation.
- 13Criteriastandards, measures or benchmarks against which something can be measured.
- 14Witness Statementa report by someone who has actually seen (or heard) an event
- 15Sourcea person, organisation or document providing information or evidence.
- 16Witnessa person who saw (or heard) an event.
- 17Argumentan attempt to persuade a reader to accept something. An argument must have a conclusion and at least one reason.
- 18Credibilitywhether someone's claims or evidence can be believed.
- 19Examplesomething which is used as evidence because it is characteristic of the same kind of things or because it can serve to illustrate a principle.
- 20Evidencesomething that is used to develop or support a reason. Evidence is often in the form of numerical data, an estimate or factual claim.
- 21Factual Claima statement or judgement based on information that can be verified and that is held to be true.
- 22Factinformation that can be verified and is held to be true.
- 23Reverse Testa strategy for checking whether an assumption is needed by an argument, by asking yourself if the argument would work with the assumption reversed.
- 24Assumptionthis is a missing reason in an argument. The writer accepts the assumption, but has not stated it. The assumption is essential for the conclusion to be drawn.
- 25Hypothetical Reasoningthis looks at the consequences that might occur if something were the case
- 26Hypothetical Claimif the writer presents a reason that would support an opponent's argument, rather than a counter argument, then the writer is making a counter assertion/claim.
- 27Counter Assertionif the writer presents a reason that would support an opponent's argument, rather than a counter argument, then the writer is making a counter assertion/claim.
- 28Counter Argumentan additional argument that is against, or counter to, what the conclusion seeks to establish. The writer normally presents the counter-argument in order to dismiss it.
- 29Argument indicatora word or short phrase that helps the reader to identify the elements of an argument.
- 30Claima statement or judgement that can be challenged.
- 31Reasona statement that aims to persuade the reader to accept a conclusion.
- 32Conclusionthe conclusion of an argument is a statement or something that the writer (or speaker) wants the reader to accept based on the reasons given.
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- Critical Thinking Flashcards on Unit 1 Keywords, created by anna.tutt on 20/04/2013.
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