523741
Description
Flashcards by Oliver Wood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Oliver Wood
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Describe and give two evaluations of the Asch line study. | Effect of other opinions on conforming to wrong answer. 4 lines, asked to pick same length - confederates gave wrong answers. [32%] GAVE WRONG ANSWER. Those giving wrong ans. clearly conforming. (-) Laboratory study (-) Deception was unethical |
| Name 4 factors affecting Conformity. | Group size: Larger group -> Higher Need to be right: We assume others are correct. Need to be liked: Strong desire to be accepted. Anonymity: If others can't know our answers, conformity drops. |
| Describe and evaluate one study into Obedience, giving its definition. | Milgram - A: See how far people obey orders of authority. M: Teacher shocks a confederate learner. Verbal 'continue' prompts used. R: 100% shocked fatal 300v, and [65%] shocked to 450v. 3 seizures. C: Normal people are obedient. Obedience is following authority's orders. |
| Evaluate the study described. | (-) Deception used (-) No protection from psych. harm - stress (-) Right to withdraw revoked (-) Only male American participants |
| Describe 3 factors affecting obedience. | Authority: When no white coat worn, obedi -> lowered Personal Responsibility: When not pressing the button, obedi. -> Raised Proximity: If learner could be seen, obedi. -> lowered |
| Define social loafing, and describe a study into it. | Putting less effort in when in a group. Latane - A: Investigate effect of groups on effort. M: Participants clapped, alone or in group of 6 wearing headphones. R: Larger the group size, less noise made. C: People put less effort into a task when others do the same task. |
| Evaluate the study described. | (-) Only one culture studied: Different concerns for group well-being. (-) Lacks ecological validity (making noise is odd) |
| Name two factors affecting social loafing. | Size of group: Larger the loafier. Culture: Some care more than others. |
| Define De-individuation and two factors affecting it. | Losing our sense of individuality and responsibility. Wearing a uniform causes us to act the roles it represents. Defined groups lead to deindiv. as people act as their group is expected to. |
| Describe and evaluate a study into deindividuation. | Zimbardo - A: To see anti-social in a city vs. a small town M: Parked a car with bonnet up in each place. Observed people's actions. R: In city, parts stolen immediately. In town, untouched save bonnet put down. C: Large cities lead to deindividuation. (+) High ecological validity, done real setting. (-) No informed consent. |
| Describe one study into bystander intervention. (Darley and Latane) | A: Investigate emergency reactions when others present. M: Participants filled questionnaire in room, alone or in threes. Smoke filled room. R: [75%] reported smoke on their own, while only [38%] in threes. C: Other people decrease bystander intervention. |
| Evaluate a study into bystander intervention. | (-) Could have picked up demand characteristics. (-) Unlike everyday situation, lacks eco. validity. (+) Demonstrates diffusion of responsibility. |
| State 3 factors affecting bystander intervention. | More people around -> Lower B.I. Similarity to the victim -> Higher B.I (eg. female shock study) Appearance of victim. Vulnerable -> Higher B.I. |
| State a practical implication for: Conformity, Obedience, Social loafing, Deindividuation, Bystander Intervention. | C: 12th jury member who agrees despite opinion. O: Space shuttle Challenger explosion, minor engineers ignored fault when instructed. S.L: Team games like rugby, football difficult to indentify. D: School uniform on children makes them behave better. B.I: 2-year old James Bulger murdered by two boys. |
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