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Flashcards

Human Defence System.

megmccormackmegm Biology Leaving Certificate English 32 cards

Cards in this deck (32)

  1. 1Is the General Defence system: A) Specific B) Non- specific.B) Non - specific.
  2. 2What does the General Defence system act against?All Pathogens.
  3. 3How many parts does the General Defence system consist of?It consists of two parts.
  4. 4What nine components make up the first line of the Defence System?Skin. Mucus. Clotting. Lysozymes. Cilia. Acid. Sebaceous gland. Good bacteria.
  5. 5What three components create the second line of the Human Defence system?Phagocytic white blood cells. Inflammation. Defence proteins.
  6. 6What is the defence function of the skin?- Provides a structural barrier to infection.
  7. 7What is the defence function of clotting?- Prevents entry of pathogens.
  8. 8What is the defence function of Lysozymes?- Dissolves cell walls of bacteria
    ( is found in sweat, tears and saliva )
  9. 9What is the defence function of Sebaceous glands?- Contain chemicals which kill bacteria.
  10. 10How does the Respiratory Tract prevent entry of bacteria?- Is lined with mucus
    ( which traps Pathogens.)
    - Contains Cilia
    ( moves mucus up the throat and carries pathogens out.)
  11. 11How does the Digestive Tract prevent entry of bacteria?- Produces mucus.
    - Produces acid in stomach
    ( which kills many bacteria.)
  12. 12How does the Reproductive Tract prevent entry of bacteria?- Vagina contains beneficial bacteria
    (which produce lactic acid that prevent growth of pathogens. )
  13. 13Describe Phagocytic White Blood Cells.- Micro organisms that damage cells.
    - Release chemicals that attract white blood cells.
    - Engulf Pathogens.
    - White blood cells that engulf Pathogens = Phagocytes.
    - Large Phagocytes = Macrophages.
  14. 14Where in the body are Macrophages found?- Spleen, Tonsils and Adenoids.
  15. 15Name a function of a Phagocytic White Blood Cell.- Filter out Pathogens from Lymphatic system.
  16. 16Describe the process of Inflammation.- Infected cells release histamine ( causes dilation of blood vessels.)
    - Dilation enables entry of white blood cells.
    - Vessels become porous.
    - General Inflammation causes fever.
    - High temperature prevents bacteria from reproducing.
  17. 17Describe Defence Proteins.- When activated they destroy viruses and other pathogens by creating a hole in the pathogens cell membrane, causing them to burst.
  18. 18What is a Complement System?- A group of twenty proteins found in blood plasma.
  19. 19What are the functions of the Specific Defence system?- Attacks particular pathogens.
    Produces antibodies ( which kill pathogens.)
    - Produces white blood cells.
  20. 20What are the functions of Lymphocytes?- Attack cells that contain antigens.
    - Produce antibodies.
  21. 21What do Monocytes develop into?- Macrophages.
  22. 22What are the functions of Macrophages?- Recognise antigens.
    - Digest antigens and pathogens.
    - Displays antigens and pathogens
    (which stimulates antibody production.)
  23. 23What are: A) Antigens. B) Antibodies.A) Antigens: Chemicals that are on surface of pathogens.
    B) Antibodies: Produced by lymphocytes in response to antigens.
  24. 24What are the functions of antibodies?- Prevents viruses and bacteria entering new host cells.
    - Labels Pathogens.
    - Inactivates Pathogens.
    - Triggers Complement system.
  25. 25Describe the Antigen Antibody Reaction.- Highly specific.
    - Each antigen stimulates production of one antibody,
  26. 26What problems occur within the Antigen Antibody Reaction?- Can be disabled ( may result in AIDS.)
    - Body can reproduce antibodies against its own tissues.
  27. 27The first time an Antigen is produced how long does it take to produce maximum number of antibodies?- Fourteen days.
  28. 28How long will the subsequent infection last?- Five days.
  29. 29What is Induced Immunity?- The ability to resist disease caused by specific Pathogens by the production of Antibodies.
  30. 30What are the two types of Immunity?- Active.
    - Passive.
  31. 31What is Active Immunity?- Production of your own antibodies in response to antigens.
  32. 32What is Passive Immunity?- Given antibodies that were formed by other organisms.

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Leaving Certificate Biology Flashcards on Human Defence System., created by megmccormackmegm on 02/05/2016.
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