Limestone, metals and building materials

Question	Answer
Cement	Limestone is heated with clay
Concrete	Cement mixed with sand, (water) and aggregate can be reinforced with steel
Mortar	Cement and sand weaker than concrete
Ores	Mined, May be concentrated/purified has to be economical to extract typically metal oxides
Metal extraction	If less reactive with carbon: extracted by reduction using carbon More reactive than carbon? Electrolysis
Copper extraction	Can be extracted by heating (smelting) purified by electrolysis
Aluminium and Titanium extraction	Electrolysis extraction >lots of evergy used >many stages in the process Titanium extracted by displacement
Cast Iron	96% iron High strength in compression Brittle Manhole covers, etc.
Steels	Low carbon = easily shaped High carbon = hard Stainless steels (with chromium and nickel) = corrosion resistance
Transition metals Advantages	Malleable, ductile to heat and electricity
Copper Uses + advantages	Electical wiring and pipes Good conductor Malleable yet hard Unreactive with water
Aluminium/titanium Uses/advantages	Low density Corrosion resistant hip replacements etc.
Alloys (General)	Make harder (different sized atoms disrupt regular structure) Differing properties All metals bond e.g brass, steels, etc.

Resource summary

	Created by Emily Y :) almost 8 years ago