Flashcards
Chemistry
Cards in this deck (28)
- 1What is one way we proved that matter is particles?We put 50ml Water and 50ml Ethanol into a beaker, and came out to 97ml
- 2How were atoms discovered?Lavoisier ran heat and electricity through substances until they were no longer divisible
- 3How was the Law of Conservation of Mass created?Lavoisier found that the mass of all reactants is always equal to the mass of all products
- 4How was the Law of Combined Volumes created?Gay-Lussac found that when you decompose something into a gas state, it produces gas in simple whole number ratio by volume; representing its chemical makeup
- 5How was the Law of Definite Proportions created?Proust used the Law of Conservation of mass to find percent composition. Any pure substance’s % composition is always the same, and different than other pure substances
- 6How is the percent composition of an element found?Mass element/mass compound x 100% = % composition of element.
- 7What were the four main steps/experiments in discovering the atom?1. Gas Discharge Tube
2. Millikan Oil Drop
3. Rutherford Gold Foil
4. Bohr Model - 8What was found about atoms during the gas discharge tube experiment?1. Found that atoms contain e-, which can be separated b/c turns glass green
2. Have - charge b/c go towards + end of tube
3. Have mass b/c push pinwheel
4. Thomson's atom: Big mass of p+ with little e- stuck to it - 9What was found about atoms during the oil drop experiment?An electron's specific charge and mass
- 10What was found about atoms during the gold foil experiment?Found that atom has a small, dense, proton nucleus with e- that orbit it b/c radiated alpha particles bounce off nucleus of thin gold foil’s atoms, while others fly straight through
- 11What was found about atoms by Bohr?Electron shells: The 1st shell holds 2 e-, the second holds 8 e-, and the 3rd holds 8 e- for the first 20 of the periodic table.
- 12DuctilityAbility to be pulled into a long thin shape
- 13What are properties of elements good for?1. Identifying substances
2. Distinguishing between mixtures and pure substances
3. Recognize production of a new substance in chemical reactions - 14How do we identify a chemical change?1. Release or absorption of large amounts of energy (light, sound, heat, etc)
2. Production of gas bubbles
3. Solid precipitate
4. Dramatic colour change
5. New odour - 15What happens in an ionic compound?1. Trading of electrons, one becomes positive and one negative
2. Metals lose e and non-metals gain e - 16What happens in a molecular compound?Sharing of electrons, nothing else gets attracted and they stay separate.
- 17How do we name ionic compounds?1. Stated in lowest whole number ratio
2. (Metal) (Non Metal) + ide - 18How do we name molecular compounds?1. Stated in exact numbers
2. Named like: (number) + (atom 1) (number) + (atom 2) + ide
3. Numbers are mon, di, tri, tetra, penta etc. (continue with the shape names) - 19Conductivity of compounds1. Molecular: Non-conductive
2. Ionic: ", except when in a solution - 20Melting points of compounds1. Molecular: Low, since can separate from each other easily
2. Ionic: High, since all stuck together in a crystal lattice - 21Odour of compounds1. Molecular: High, since they separate easily
2. Ionic: Low - 22How do we calculate atomic mass?number of atom 1)(atom 1 as variable) / (number of atom 2)(atom 2 as variable) = percent of mass atom 1 / percent of mass atom 2
- 23What are the most reactive elements and why?Metals: Bottom left - only need to get rid of one e- and valence shell farther from nucleus, alows e- out
Non-Metals: Top right - only need one more e- and valence shell closer to nucleus, pulls e- in - 24What does a chemical property describe?How a substance will react with others.
- 25What happens to a substance in a physical / chemical change?Physical: Same particles are present, just rearranged in some way
Chemical: Atoms in particles rearrange to make new particles - 26A pure substance contains only one type of...Particle
- 27How do we order the periodic table today?By atomic number, and with columns of elements with same characteristics and number of valence shell e-
- 28When finding atomic mass, where does the mass of the atom we know go for easier calculation?Denominator (bottom)
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- 9 Science (Chemistry) Flashcards on Chemistry, created by arya555 on 10/06/2016.
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- arya555
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