600848
Description
Flashcards by Thomas Welford, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Thomas Welford
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three types of Endocrine signalling? | Paracrine - activates cells receptors in close proximity Autocrine - activates own receptors through chemical Endocrine - diffuses through the blood system |
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| What are the main four types of measuring hormone activity? | Chemical assay Immunoassay Radioassay Biological assay |
| Where is the hypothalamus located? | Protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus (part of the third ventricle) at the base of the brain, rests in a small bony cavity (sell turcica). |
| What is another name for the anterior and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? | Anterior = *adeno*pophysis Pituitary = *neuro*hypophysis |
| How do the two main parts of the pituitary gland form in early stages of development? | Oral ectoderm (Rathke pouch) = adenohypophysis Neural ectoderm = neurohypophysis |
| How do the two main parts of the pituitary gland form in early stages of development? (picture) | |
| Where are the cell bodies, axons and nerve endings located that innervate the posterior lobe? | Cell body - hypothalamus Axons - pituitary stalk Nerve endings - Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) |
| How does the molecules produced in the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands get into the blood? | |
| How was the importance of the pituitary gland discovered? | Diseases - Agromegaly / dwarfism Hypophysectomy - metablic defects Injection of pituitary extracts reversed the effects of hypophysectomy |
| What are the four families of hormones produced by Pituitary gland? | Neurohypophysial - posterior lobe (Oxytocin and Vasopressin) Melanocortin (ACTH/MSH/LPH) Growth Hormones (GH / Prolactin) Glycoprotein (TSH / LH / FSH) |
| What are the different cell types in the anterior pituitary gland? | Thyrotroph (TSH) Somatotroph (GH) Corticotroph (ACTH) Gonadotroph (FSH / LH) Lactotroph (Prolactin) Folliculostellate |
| What specific hormones do the anterior and posterior pituitary glands produce? | |
| From a cellular level, how are most protein hormones released? | Exocytosis of vesicles within the cell. Entire vesicle may be released immediately. Part released and taken back up. |
| How do you differentiate between Somatotroph and Lactotroph? | Immunogold Lactotroph = larger gold particles (anti-PRL antibody) Somatotroph = small gold particles (anti-GH antibody) |
| Why do some cells contain GH and PRL? | Developmental precursors of lactotrophs or somatotrophs (or cells switching cell type) |
| What is the model for differentiation pathways for the cells of the anterior pituitary gland? |
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| What are the important processes of the Folliculostellate cells? | Form network through pituitary gland, facilitate coordinate responses to releasing factors |
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