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| Question | Answer |
| what is germination? | germination is the development of a new plant from a seed |
| what is the function of the testa? | the testa is a tough waterproof outercoat for protection |
| what is a cotyledon? | a cotyledon is a modified leaf found in the seed |
| what is the function of a cotyledon? | the cotyledon acts as an intermediate between the endosperm and embryo |
| what is the function of the plumule? | the plumule forms the shoot |
| what is the function of the micropyle? | the mycropyle is a hole in the testa whee water enters to initiate germination. the mcropyle is the same hole through which the pollen tube entered the ovule in the ovary prior to fertilisation |
| what is the function of the cotyledon in monocots? | in monocots the cotyledon separates endosperm tissue which provides food when the seed germinates, and acts as an intermediate between the endosperm and the embryo |
| what is the function of the cotyledon in a dicotyledonous seed? | in dicot seeds the two cotyledons store food in the form of starch |
| what is the function of amylase in germination? | amylase breaks down starch into soluble maltose and finally glucose |
| what is hypogeal germination? | hypogeal germination is when the epicotyl elongates and the cotyledons stay below the ground |
| what is epigeal germination¿ | epigeal germination is when the hypocotyl elongates and the cotyledons come above the ground |
| what is an example of epigeal germination? | an example of epigeal germination is seen in the french bean |
| what is an example of hypogeal germination? | an example of hypogeal germination is seen in the broad bean |
| what is the function of the endosperm in the monocot? | the endosperm stores food in monocot seeds |
| what is the function of the coleoptile? | the coleoptile protects the shoot as it grows straight up through the soil during germination |
| what is growth'? | growth is a permanent increase in the size of an organism |
| what is development? | development involves a change in shape and form of an organism as it matures and increases in complexity |
| how can growth be measured? | growth can be measured by mass, length or height |
| what conditions are neccesary for germination? | germination requires water, oxygen and warm temperature suitable for enzyme activity |
| what are the functions of water in the process of germination? | water activates enzymes, water converts starch into sugar and proteins to amino acids, water transports dissolved sugar from cotyledons to the growing regions, water expands vacuoles causing expansion of cells, water maintains turgor of the cells, water provides water for photosythesis of a young shoot abouve the ground, water transports salts from the soil to the shoot |
| why do seeds germinate best at 30-40 degrees celcius? | because any higher than 40 degrees would denature the enzymes and stop all activity and any lower would not be enough for the enzymes to work |
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