Flashcards
Integumentary System
Cards in this deck (69)
- 1integumentary systemcutaneous -->
accessory structures --> hair, nails, exocrine glands (secrete onto surface) - 2functions of skinprotect underlying tissue
excrete salts, water, wastes
thermoregulation
synthesise vitamin D3
store lipids
detect touch - 3skin structureepidermis - stratified squamous
dermis - connective tissue (collagen & elastin) papillary and reticular layer
hypodermis / subcutaneous layer - pacinian corpuscles, blood vessels - 4layers of epidermisstratum corneum
stratum lucid
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
strata basale/strata germinativum - 5stratum corneumdead keratinocytes
continuously shed and replaced by cells from deeper strata - 6stratum lucidumdead keratinocytes
present in thick skin subjected to much friction (feet/hands) - 7stratum granulosumkeratin forms
keratinocytes undergo apoptosis
lamellar granules release "waterproofing" secretion - 8strata spinosumdesmosomes hold cells together
- 9stratum basale/germinativumstem cells
continuous cell division - 10four principle cell types of the epidermisKeratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans
Merkel - 11Keratinocytesproduce keratin
waterproofing sealant - 12melanocytesproduce mealnin
- 13Langerhans cellsmacrophages;
immune response (phagocytosis) - 14Merkel CellsTouch sense
- 15caroteneorange yellow, accumulates within epidermal cells and fatty tissues --> can convert to retinal
- 16melaninyellow-black
produced by melanocytes in stratum basale --> exocytosis
Stored and transported with melanosomes
transferred to keratinocytes
protects skin from sun damage
** tyrosinase** - 17Vitamin DVital for bone development, UV helps activate in skin
- 18DermisPapillary layer and Reticular Layer
* cleavage lines*
resist force, arranged in parallel bundles, involved in healing - 19Papillary layer (dermis)areolar tissue
small capillaries, lymphatics, sensory neurons
tactile corpuscles (light touch) - 20Reticular LayerDens irregular connective tissue
larger blood vessels, lymph vessels, sensory neurons
Collagen and elastic fibres, connective tissue proper
lamellate corpuscles (deep pressure)
skin turgor (dehydration) - 21subcutaneous / hypodermisconnects to underlying tissue, loose connective tissue, fat cells, large good vessels
- 22Hair - what is itpili - composed of dead keratinised cells held together by extracellular proteins - dendrites of hair root plexuses surround each hair follicle; generate nerve impulses if shaft of hair moved.
- 23Hair - what does it dothermoregulation
protects against particles and insects
sensitive to light touch
* goosebumps* smooth muscle innervated by sympathetic nervous system around hair shafts - 24sebaceous glandsconnected to hair follicles
prevent entry of pathogens
absent in thick skin
secretes sebum --> water resistant, softens skins, inhibits bacterial growth - 25sweat glands (sudoriferous) glands apocrine sweat glandsattract bacteria (BO)
limited distribution (arm pits etc)
ducts into hair follicles - 26sweat glands - merocrine (eccrine) sweat glandswidely distributed, palms and soles
discharge direct onto surface
water and electrolytes
heat loss - thermoregulation - 27insensible perspiration"constant" - fluid lost by evaporation through stratum corneum
- 28sensible perspirationsweating when hot; water excreted through sweat glands
- 29ceruminous glandsmodified sudoriferous glands
located in auditory canal
produces cerumen (ear wax)
impedes foreign bodies - 30nailskeratinised epidermal cells
lanula
hyponychium
eponychium
matrix - 31nail lanulaarea of thickened stratum basalt
- 32nail hyponychium (nail bed)area of thickened stratum corundum
secures nail to tip of digit - 33nail eponychium (cuticle)narrow band of epithelium occupying proximal border of nail
- 34nail matrixepithelium deep to nail root
cells divide by mitosis
superficial cells of matrix converted to nail cells
growth 1mm p week - 35epidermal wound healingbasal cells of epidermis break contact with basement membrane
enlarge and migrate across wound stimulated by EGF
Stop migration due to contact inhibition
relocated cells divide to build new epidermal layers and thicken dermis - 36deep wound healing1-inflamatory phase
2- migratory phase
3 - proliferative phase
4 - maturation phase - 37deep wound healing 1 - inflammatory phaseblood clot forms loosely binding wound edges
inflammation - 38deep wound healing 2 - migratory phaseclot becomes scab
epithelial cells migrate beneath scab to bridge wound
fibroblasts migrate to wound and form collagen - 39deep wound healing 3 - proliferative phaseextensive growth of epithelial cells beneath scab
random deposition of collagen fibres
* blood vessel growth * - 40deep wound healing 4 - maturation phasecollagen fibres become organised
epithelium restored to normal thickness, scab sloughs off
blood vessels restored - 41photo damageUVA - long term damage to epidermis and dermis --- increases melanin production
UVB - cause of tanning and sunburn -- DNA damage to epidermal cells - 42burns1st degree - superficial - damage to dermis
2nd degree epidermis and dermis affected
3rd degree - all layers affected - 43cutaneous membrnaeskin
- 44accessory structureshair, nails, exocrine glands
- 45functions of skinprotect underlying organs, tissues (1st line of defence)
Extreme salts, water, waste
synthesise vitamin D
store lipids
detect touch, pressure, pain, w sensory neurons - 46epidermisstratified squamous, thin layer
- 47dermisconnective tissue
papillae and reticular layers - 48hypodermisstores fat, blood vessels, pancinian corpuscles (deep pressure neurons)
- 49layers of epidermisstratum corner
stratum lucidium
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale - 504 principle cell typeskeratinocytes - water resistant
melanocytes - melanin not melania
langerhans - macrophages
merkel - touch sense - 51epidermal pigmentationpigments of carotene and melanin
carotene is orange - accumulates in fatty tissues, becomes Vit A
Melanin is yellow/black. stored in keratinocytes
protective against sun damage - 52vitamin D synthesisSun -> steroid compound cholecalciferol ->liver makes intermediate -> kidney forms VD3 Calcitrol
- 53dermis - superficial / papillaryareolar, small capillaries and lymphatic, sensory neurons and receptors, tactile corpuscle
- 54dermis - deeper / reticular layerdense irregular
large blood vessels, lymph, sensory neurons, collagen and elastic fibres, connective tissue proper, lamellated corpuscles (deep pressure)
TURGOR - hydration
dermatitis inflammation in this layer - 55cleavage linescollagen and elastic fibres - parallel,
resist force
cut with, heal well
cut against, scar - 56hyopodermisconnects dermis to underlying tissue
- 57haircolumns of dead keratinised cels - shaft is superficial, surrounded by a follicle
dendrites of hair root plexuses surround follicle, generate nerve impulses
thermoregulation
protects against particles
sensitive to light touch - 58goosebumpsoccur when smooth muscle is innervated by sympathetic nervous system
- 59sebaceous oil glandsconnected to hair follicles
secrete sebum - moisten hairs, water resistant, softness skin, inhibits bacterial growth - 60sweat sudoriferous glands appocrinelimited to axilla, areolae and pubis
sticky, cloudy secretions, produce odour - discharge via follicle - 61sweat sudioiferous glands errcrine merocrinewidely disrupted on body surface, discharge directly onto surface, extreme water and electrolytes
primary function is loss of heat (thermoregulation) - 62insensible perspirationcontinuous, interstitial fluid lost through evaporation via strata corenum
- 63sensible perspirationin response to temperature increase
sweat glands - 64ceruminous glandssecrete cerumen in external auditory canal
- 65wound healinginflammatory
migratory
proliferative
maturation - 66inflammatory phase - deep wound healingblood clot forms, loosely binding wound edges
inflammation occurs - 67migratory phase deep wound healingcells need to come to area to repair- clot becomes a scab, epithelial cells migrate beneath scab to bridge wound
fibroblasts migrate to form collagen - 68proliferative phase deep wound healingextensive growth of epithelial cells beneath scab, random deposition of collagen fibres, blood vessel growth
- 69maturation phaescollagen fibres become organised, epithelium is restored to normal.
scab sloughs off, blood vessels restored.
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- 100 Human Physiology (Integumentary System ) Flashcards on Integumentary System, created by Amelia Claire on 07/09/2016.
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- Amelia Claire
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