7339611
Description
Flashcards by Bethany Westwood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bethany Westwood
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 2 main phases of eukaryotic cell division? | - Interphase - Mitotic phase |
| What in general happens in the interphase? | - Long periods of growth and normal working |
| What processes happen during interphase? | - DNA replication and checking for errors - Protein synthesis -Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow and divide - Normal metabolic pathways |
| What happens during the G1 phase? | - Proteins synthesise - Cell grows - Cell contents duplicates |
| What happens in the S phase? | - Chromosomes replicate |
| What happens in the G2 phase? | - Checks duplicated chromosomes for errors and repairs errors - Cell grows - Energy stores increase |
| What happens in the mitotic phase? | - Mitosis - Cytokinesis |
| What is mitosis? | Nucleus division |
| What is cytokinesis? | - Cytoplasm division which creates 2 new separate cells |
| What happens in the G0 phase? | Cell leaves the cycle permanently or temporarily. |
| What are some of the reasons for G0 to occur permanently? | Differentiation - specialised cells can't divide - permanent removal Damaged Cell - can no longer divide - most cells only divide a certain number of times Aged - more cells in the body |
| When does G0 occur temporarily? | Lymphocytes temporarily leave the cycle in immune responses |
| What do checkpoints do? | Monitor and verify whether the processes have been accurately completed at each phase. |
| What does the G1 checkpoint check? | - Cell size - Nutrients - Growth factors - DNA damage |
| Where is the G1 checkpoint? | Between G1 and S phase |
| What does G2 checkpoint check? | - Cell size - DNA replication - DNA damage |
| Where is the G2 checkpoint? | End of G2 and before mitotic phase |
| What does the spindle assembly checkpoint checl? | Checks chromosomes are attached to spindles and have aligned. |
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