chapter 2

Question	Answer
Neurosis	refers to an emotional disturbance, but the disturbance is usually not so severe as to prevent the individual who has it from functioning in normal society
Catharsis	an emotional release Image: 78de274b-b241-4a2d-b69d-ede98d7ff3dc (image/jpg)
Unconscious processes	forces of which a person is unaware Image: b20ba79b-df2c-4662-a689-01f1c5472795 (image/jpg)
Repression	the blocking of a wish or desire from consciousness ,is unavoidable and necessary in order for civilized society to exist.
Free Association	a patient is asked to verbalize whatever comes to mind, no matter how insignificant, trivial,or even unpleasant the idea,thought, or picture may seem
Slips	blunged acts:a slip of the tongue , a slip of the pen , or lapse of memory
Libido	an emotional and psychic energy derived from the biological drive of sexuality testifies to this shift in his thought
Drive	a psychological or mental representation of an inner bodily source of excitement
Eros	refers to life impulses or drives ,those forces that maintain life processes and ensure reproduction of the species
Thanatos	encompassing death impulses or drives, is biological reality and the source of aggressiveness, and reflects the ultimate resolution of all of life's tension in death
Polymorphous perverse	children's activities differ in many respects from reproductive sexual activity.
Psychosocial Stages	stages in which different erogenous zones are important , children move from autoeroticism to reproductive sexuality and develop their adult personalities
Oral Stage	lasts from birth to approximately age one
Anal stage	expected to occur in the second year of life
Phallic Stage	usually occurs between the ages of three and six
Oedipus Complex	freuds concept
Castration Anxiety	he fears phsyical retaliation from his father, in particular that he will lose his penis
Electra Complex	, however, have referred to the feminine version as the Electra complex. The pri- mary love object for girls is also the mother. Yet girls, on discovering the genitals of the opposite sex, abandon the mother and turn to the father instead, making possible the Oedipal situation in reverse. The disappointment and shame that they feel upon viewing the “superior” penis leads to
Penis Envy	a sense of inferiority, and a feeling of resentment and hatred toward mother, who is held responsible for the effected castration. Reluctantly, the girl identifies with her mother, incorporates her values, and optimally
Latency Period	psychic forces develop that inhibit the sexual drive and narrow its direction
Genital Stage	iThe genital stage emerges at adolescence when the genital organs mature.
Fixation	creates excessive needs chacteristic of an earlier stage. Various adult behaviors that have been ascribed to fixa- tions include smoking, gossiping, overeating, and collecting.
Pleasure principle	refers to seeking immediate tension reduction
Primary processes	hallucinating or forming an image of the object that would satisfy its needs
ego	emerges in order to realistically meet the wishes and demands of the id in accordance with the outside world
reality principle	satisfying the id's impulses in an appropriate manner in the external world
secondary processes	the cognitive and perceptional skills that help an individual distinguish between fact and fantasy
superego	internalized values ,ideals and moral standards
conscience	the capacity of for self -evaluation ,criticism , and reproach
ego-ideal	an ideal self image consisting of approved and reward behaviors
defense mechanisms	procedures that ward off anxiety and prevent our conscious perception of it
Repression	blocking a wish or desire from expression so that it cannot be experienced consciously or expressed directly in behavior
Reaction Formation	expresses an impulse by its opposit
Regression	the person moves backwards in time to a stage that was less anxious and had fewer responsibilities
Rationalization	involves dealing with an emotion or impulses analytically and intellectually in order to avoid feeling it
Identification	reduce anxiety by modeling our behavior on that of someone else
displacement	if an object that would satisfy and impulse of the id is unavailable we may shift our impulse onto another subject
sublimation	rechannels an unacceptable impulse into a more socially desirable outlet
transference	a process whereby the patient transfers to the analyst emotional attitudes felt as a child toward important persons

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