Flashcards
2) Classical study: Freud on Individual difference (1909)
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1Briefly explain Freud's Psychodynamic Theory?-Freud was convinced that the kind of adult you become was rooted in our earliest childhood experiences and how we handle conflicts
-he suggested that unresolved conflicts lead to unconscious pressure which motivated behaviour.
-The resulting theory he developed was called psychoanalysis.
-This emphasises the interaction between biological drives and social environments. - 2What are the four main areas of psychoanalysis?-The structure of the mind
-The structure of personality
-Defence mechanisms
-Psychosexual stages of personality development - 3Describe the Structure of the Mind-Conscious mind: Thoughts and feeling which we are presently aware of. Emotions, thoughts, ideas, memories etc which can be easily recalled e.g. current emotion
- Pre-conscious mind: Thoughts and feelings which we are not directly aware of, but can be easily recalled and accessed if we want. so things we have learnt/ experienced in the past but forgotten right now e.g. revision
-Unconscious Mind: Toughts and feeling which we are not directly aware of and have great difficults accessing. In particular instincts and deeply buried memories. Thoughts in the unconscious mind are active and trying to find a means of expression. The unconscious mind can only be accessed through research methods such as hypnosis, dream analysis and symbol analysis - 4Describe the Structure of Personality-ID: PLEASURE PRINCIPLE : Present from birth, it resides in the UNCONSCIOUS mind and demand immediate gratification of biological needs with no consideration of whats appropriate in a given situation.
-Ego: REALITY PRINCIPLE: Present form around the ages of 18 months, it resides in the PRE-CONSCIOUS mind And its job is to maintain the balance between the ID and the Superego
- Superego: MORALITY PRINCIPLE: Present from around the ages of 5 years old, it resides in the CONSCIOUS mind and is concerned with socially appropriate behaviour so always is in conflict with the ID. - 5Describe Defence Mechanisms-If conflict between the Id and the superego remain unsolved, them we are likely to suffer from extreme anxiety.
-The ego may use defence mechanisms to protect us from such anxiety
- Freud though that the EGO protects our CONSCIOUS mind from the demands of the Id and the Superego by using defence mechanisms.
-However, overusing defence mechanism can lead to later problems with mental health - 6Describe psychosexual development1) Oral stage (0-1.5 yrs): motivates the infant to feed. Any problems with weaning may influece the future or personaility of the child.
-Orally agressive: signs include chewing gum or ends of pend
-Orally passive: smoking/eating fixation at this stage may result in passivity, gulibility, immaturity
2) Anal Stage ( 1.5-3 yrs): children learn to control their anal muscles to meet the demands of society. Experiences during toilet training may influence their later development
-Anal retentive: obsession with organisation or neatness
-Anal expulsive: Reckless, careless
3) Phallic Stage (3-5yrs): Focused o the opposite sex parent. For girls: electra complex, Boys: oedipus complex
-Overindulgence can result in messy and disorganised personality traits
-Underindulgence can produce overly tidy, obsessive personalities
4) Latency Stage (5yrs-Puberty): Resolved their complexed but as they are not yet biologically ready to reproduce, their sexuality is waiting to express itself fully.
-People tend not to fixate at this stage but if they do , they tend to be extremely sexually unfulfilled...... - 7continued...5) Genital Stage (puberty +): onset of puberty adolescents become fully sexual and 'life drive' is focused on sexual activity and reproduction
-impotence, unsatisfactory relationships - 8Describe the Oedipus comlex-Young boy develops unconscious wish foe an exclusive relationship with mother
-Jealousy of father as the young boy feels excluded
-Boy develops castration anxiety
- Boy copes with this by becoming more like his father because he won't feel hostile towards him ( identification with the aggressor)
-Girls have the Electra complex and suffer from penis envy - 9What was the aim of Freud's Study?-The aim of the study was to report the findings of the treatment of a Five-year-old boy
-for his phobia of horses
-and to find evidence for Freud's theories of psychosexual development and the Oedipus complex. - 10Describe Freud's Sample- Little Hans from Vienna, Austria
- Aged 3-5 years old
-Developed a phobia of White Horses
-Gained via opportunity sampling because his father was a supporter of Freud's and was a member of the psychoanalytic society - 11What research method did Freud conduct and how do you know?-Londitudinal case study
-Over a long period of time e.g. From when Hans was 3-5 yrs old
-Participants development e.g. Hans through the phallic stage of the psychosexual development
-Qualititative data e.g. Description of dreams and fantasies though letters written to Freud via Hans' father. Freud also conducted one interview with Hans himself - 12Why is Frued's study a case study?- INvesstigaes a unique case of behaviour e.g. Hans' phobia of white horses
-Focuses on one small group of people or one individual e.g. One boy; Little Hans
-Often longitudinal with qualitative data e.g. Hans was studied from the ages of 3-5yrs old through the phallic stage. Observations were made by his father of Hans' fantasies and dream then sent via letters to Frued - 13What are the two bias in the way that the data was collected?-Bias from Hans' father because he was a supporter and follower of Freud and the psychosexual development theory. This could mean that he wanted to find evidence to support the psychosexual development and therefore could have manipulated the data or ignored data from Little Hans that either disproved or did not prove the psychosexual development theory.
-Bias from Freud because he was trying to find evidence to support his theory, he could have ignored irrelavent data or data that did not prove the psychosexual development theory. - 14Describe the event that took place of 'Little Hans and his Widler'-Just before he was three, Hans showed an interest in his 'widler' and also those of others
-He reasoned that this organ was a key distinction between animate (living) and inanimate (non-living) things
-Thorughout this time, the main theme of his fantasies and dreams was widdlers and wielding ( at this time he has a tendency to masturbate)
-When he was around three years old, has mother caught his playing with his penis and told him that if he did it again she 'would send for a doctor to cut off your widdler' - 15What was freud's interpretation of this?-According to Freud, Little Hans was going through the Phallic stage of the psychosexual development at the time of the case study and the details of felllings and behaviour provide support for Freud's theory e.g. An interest in his genitals
- 16Describe Han's fantasies after his baby Sister Hannah was born?-When Hans was 3 1/2 years old his baby sister was born
-He was jealous of the time she spent with his mother as her arrival caused further separation between himself and his mother
-Hans admitted that while Hanna was having a bath, he wished that his mother would let go of her so that she would fall in. - 17How did Freud interpret this?-He said that it was an unconscious desire to see his sister drown which became translated into a fear that his mother might also let him go while bathing him
-Frued interpreted that Hans feared baths by creating a displacement defence mechanism - 18Describe Han's fear of horses-When Hans was 4 1/2 Hans' father wrote to Freud to express his concerns
-'He was afraid a horse would bit him in the street'
-Anxiety lead to Hans not wanting to go out of the house - 19How did Freud interpret Han's fear of Horses?-He though that it was rooted in events that took place in the previous summer
-Freud noted that Hans fear of horses had developed just after the time he had experienced some anxiety dreams about losing his mother, around the time he had been warned about playing with his 'wilder'
-Hans was introduced to some therapy where he recalled an incident where he had overheard a father and daughter where the father warned the child 'Don't put you hand to the white horse or it will bite you'
-The words are similar to the warning he had received form his mother about masturbating 'don't put your finger there'
-His parent came to the conclusion that his fear of being bitten by a horse actually symbolised a fear of indulging his urges with his Mother which in turn could lead to castration. - 20Describe Hans' Giraffe dream-There was a tall giraffe and a crumpled one; the big giraffe called out when he took the crumpled one away. Then it stopped calling out and Hans sat down on top of it.
- 21How did Freud interpret this dream?-As being a reworking of the morning exchanges in the parental bed
-Hans came into their bed, welcomed by his mother but his father warned her not to do this.
-His father objecting represents the big giraffe calling out. - 22Describe Hans' fear of white horses in relation to his father.-During face-to-face meetings with Hans and his father
-Hans said his was particular fearful of the white horses with the black bits around the mouth
-Freud interpreted this as being his father's moustache and glasses.
-Freud went on to suggest that these are the 'privilege of a grown-up man'
-This relavation appeared to realease Hans and enabled him to deal more directly with his phobia; he began to go out on the street again and to the park - 23Describe the plumber fantasy 1-'Daddy I thought I saw something: i was in the bath and then the plumber came and unscrewed it. Then he took a big border and stuck it into my stomach"
- 24How did Freud interpret this?-Hans imagined himself in his mothers womb
-the plumber equates to Han's father with his big borer which which he 'bored' Hans and put him in his mother's womb - 25Describe the plumber fantasy 2-'the plumber came and first he took away my behind with a pair on pincers, and then gave me another, then the same with my widler'
- 26How did Freud interpret this?-He syd that this was the penultimate piece of evidence that Freud says completed Hans' recovery
-Hans had successfully completed the phallic stage
-Freud interpreted this fantasy that Hans small bottom and widdler were replaced by bigger ones like his father's indicating Hans wanted to be like his father and he had identified with him therefore was coming toward the end of the Oedipus complex - 27—
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- AS level AS Psychology (Core Studies) Flashcards on 2) Classical study: Freud on Individual difference (1909), created by Roberta Power on 30/01/2017.
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- Roberta Power · Jan 2017
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- Apr 7, 2018
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