Flashcards
Urinary System Terminology and Physiology
Cards in this deck (80)
- 1ureanitrogenous waste product from cells that end up in blood and gets filtered by kidneys into urine
- 2creatininenitrogenous waste product from cells that end up in blood and gets filtered by kidneys into urine
- 3uric acidnitrogenous waste product from cells that end up in blood and gets filtered by kidneys into urine
- 4components of urineuric acid, creatinine, and urea (nitrogenous waste) and water, salts, and acids
- 5electrolytes in body that containg an electrical charge that are useful for muscle and nerve functionsodium and potassium
- 6reninsubstance secreted by kidneys to raise blood pressure
- 7erythroproteinhormone secreted by kidney to stimulate red blood cell production in bone marrow
- 8kidneybean-shaped organs that filter blood, produce hormones and vitamins, and eliminate other hormones
- 9cortexouter region of an organ
- 10medullameaning marrow; inner part of an organ
- 11hilumdepression on the medial border of the kidney
- 12uretermuscular tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
- 13trigonetriangular region at the base of the bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exists
- 14urinary meatusexternal opening of the urethra
- 15renal arteriesarteries that carry carry blood from the aorta to the kidney via the hilum and branches into small arteries called arterioles
- 16arteriolessmaller arteries that branch and branch from a larger artery
- 17glomeruliarterioles in the cortex of the kidney leads into masses of tiny, coiled, intertwined blood vessels called glomeruli. Glomeruli allow for the filtration of blood and the thin walls of the glomeruli allows passage of salts, water, and sugar and urea to leave blood stream
- 18Bowman capsuleGlomerular structure in the shape of a cup that catches all the filtered substances from the glomeruli
- 19renal tubuleAs filtered substances pass from the Bowman capsule to the renal pelvis the tubules allow reabsorption of some of the water, all of the sugar, and some salts back into the bloodstream.
- 20percentage of urine components95% water and 5% of urea, creatinine, salts, acids, and some drugs
- 21nephroncombination of a glomerulus and a renal tube
- 22renal pelvisbasin-like area in the central part of the kidney that collects urine from the renal tubules and narrows into the ureter
- 23calyces; calices (singular)small, cup-like regions of the renal pelvis
- 24EPOerythroproietin
- 25cali/o, calic/ocalyx
- 26cyst/ourinary bladder
- 27glomerul/oglomerulus
- 28meat/omeatus
- 29nephr/okidney
- 30pyel/orenal pelvis
- 31trigon/otrigone
- 32vesic/ourinary bladder
- 33albumin/oalbumin (protein in blood)
- 34azot/onitrogen
- 35dips/othrist
- 36kal/opotassium
- 37ket/o, keton/oketone bodies
- 38natr/osodium
- 39olig/oscanty
- 40-poietinsubstance that forms
- 41py/opus
- 42-tripsycrushing
- 43ur/ourine (urea)
- 44-uriaurine; urine condition
- 45turbidcloudy
- 46low ph in urine may signifybladder infection
- 47high albumin level in urine may signifyleak in glomerular membrane
- 48high sugar in urine may signifydiabetes mellitus
- 49specific gravitycomparison of urine density compared to water (amount of wastes, minerals, and solids in urine); high amount could signify diabetes mellitus from all the sugar
- 50ketoneformed when fatty acids are broken down in the liver (cells break down fatty acids instead of sugar for fuel); this leads to increase acidity in the blood and can lead to coma and death
- 51PKUphenylketonuria
- 52phenylketonessubstances that accumulate in urine of infants born lacking important enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase; high levels cause retardation
- 53glomerulonephritisinflammation of glomeruli within the kidney
- 54interstitial nephritisinflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
- 55nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine; significant signs are edema (swelling) and hypoalbuminemia
- 56polycystic kidney disease (PKD)multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidneys
- 57PKDpolycystic kidney disease
- 58pyelonephritisinflammation of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma (essential and distinctive tissue)
- 59renal failurekidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function
- 60CKDchronic kidney disease
- 61Wilms tumormalignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy
- 62diabetes insipidusantidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately or the kidney is resistant to its effect
- 63diabetes mellitusinsulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in body
- 64BUNblood urea nitrogen
- 65BUN tests forblood urea levels
- 66creatinine clearancemeasurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
- 67GFRglomerular filtration rate
- 68KUBkidneys, ureters, and bladder
- 69retrograde pyelogramx-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder
- 70RPretrograde pyelogram
- 71VCUGvoiding cystourethrogram
- 72voiding cystourethrogramx-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while patient is voiding
- 73radioisotope scanimage of the kidney after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotpe) into the bloodstream
- 74hemodialysiskidney machine external to the body with an arteriovenous fistula accessing the blood from the body, filtering it, then returning it.
- 75HDhemodialysis
- 76peritoneal dialysisperitoneal catheter introduces fluid into abdominal cavity that holds chemicals that make wastes in capillaries pass into fluid and then fluid with waste is removed using catheter.
- 77extraoutside
- 78corpor/obody
- 79ESWLextracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
- 80Foley catheterindwelling (left in bladder) catheter held in place by a balloon inflated with liquid
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- Urinary System (Urinary System Terminology and Physiology) Flashcards on Urinary System Terminology and Physiology, created by Katharine Meredith on 12/02/2017.
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- Katharine Meredith
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