Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

Emma MacRae Anatomy English 53 cards

Cards in this deck (53)

1- Head & upper 2/3rds of lateral Fibula -> base of 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform - Superficial Peronal N (L5, S1, S2) - Lateral Compartment, Evertor of foot - Tendon post to lat malleolusPeroneus Longus
2- Inf 2/3rds of lateral fibula -> tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal - Superficial Peroneal N (L5, S1, S2) -Lateral Compartment, Evertor of foot - Tendon post to lat malleolusPeroneus Brevis
3- Lateral condyle of tibia, superior 1/2 of lateral tibial surface, interosseous membrane -> medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal - Deep Peroneal N (L4, L5) - Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot - Most medial of tendons coming into footTibialis Anterior
4- Lat condyle of tibia, superior 2/4 of medial surface of fibula, interosseus membrane -> middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits - Deep Peroneal N (L4, L5) - extends lateral 4 digits; dorsiflexes ankleExtensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)
5- Inferior 1/3rd of anterior fibula and interosseus membrane -> dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal - Deep Peroneal N (L4, L5) - Dorsiflexes ankle; assists in eversion of footPeroneus Tertius
6- Middle anterior surface of fibula, interosseus membrane -> dorsal aspect of distal phalanx of Hallux - extends Hallux; dorsiflexes ankleExtensor Hallucis Longus
7SUP: Anterior border if tibia-> lower end of fibula INF: Stem attached to calcaneous laterally, Upper limb attached to medial malleolus, Lower limb passes around medial border of foot to blend w/ dense fascia over Add. HallucisExtensor Retinacula
8Superior surface of calcaneous, inferior extensor retinaculum -> Base of proximal phalanx of Hallux - Deep Peroneal N (L5, S1)Extensor Hallucis Brevis
(black)
9Superior surface of calcaneous inferior extensor retinaculum -> Long extensor tendon of toes 2-4 - Deep Peroneal (L5, S1)Extensor Digitorum Brevis
(blue)
10- Branch of Common Peroneal between Peroneus Longus and neck of fibula - Lateral compartment of leg supplying muscles and continuous as Cutaneous N - Cutaneous innervation to distal anterior surface of leg and most of dorsum of footSuperficial Peroneal N
11- Branch of Common Peroneal between Peroneus Longus & neck of fibula - Passes through Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) and travels w/ Anterior Tibial A supplying all anterior compartment muscles - Crosses ankle jt to suppply EDB & EHB - Cutaneous innervation to skin between digits 1 and 2Deep Peroneal N
12Arteries of the Leg: 1) Through interosseus membrane and descends on this 2) gives fibular artery that provides perforating branches to the lateral compartmentPopliteal Arteries:
1) Anterior Tibial A
2) Posterior Tibial A
131) Popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle -> posterior surface of calcaneous via Tendocalcaneous 2) Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur -> posterior surface of calcaneous via Tendocalcaenous - Tibial N (S1, S2) - plantar flexes ankle; flexes kneeGastrocnemius
1) Medial
2) Lateral
14Lateral supracondylar line of femur (proximal to lateral head of Gastrocnemius) -> posterior surface of calcaneous via Tendocalcaneous - Tibial N (S1, S2) - Assists in plantarflexion of anklePlantaris
- most of length is tendinous
- absent in about 10% of population
15Soleal line of tibia, upper 1/3rd posterior fibula, tendinous arch between bony attachments -> posterior surface of calcaneous via Tendocalcaneous - Tibial N (S1, S2) - Planarflexes ankle jtSoleus
16Lateral condyle of femur (pit for politeus) and lateral meniscus -> popliteal area of tibia (above soleal line) - Tibial N (L4, L5, S1) - Unlocks knee jt by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia - Creates stable jt, important in bipedalismPopliteus
17Posterior surface of tibia -> Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-4 - Tibial N (L5, S1, S2) - Flexes lateral 4 digits - Weak plantar flexion of ankleFlexor Digitorum Longus (FDL)
18Posterior surface of fibula -> Base of distal phalanx of Hallux - Tibial N (L5, S1, S2) - Flexes Hallux - Weak plantar flex of ankleFlexor Hallucis Longus
19Posterior surface of tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane -> tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, sustentaculum tail of calcaneous, base of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals - Tibial N (L4, L5) - Plantarflexes ankle; inverts footTibialis Posterior
20Medial malleolus -> Calcaneous - Posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve found between FDL and FHL tendons - Tom, Dick, And, Very, Naughty, HarryFlexor Retinaculum
21- Terminal branches of Popliteal A - Between heads of Gastrocnemius and deep to soleus to run on surface of TP and FDL - Gives Fibular A as a branch - Terminates as medial and lateral plantar As in footPosterior Tibial A
22Runs medial to fibula, usually within FHLFibular A
23- Passes between heads of Gastrocnemius and deep to tendinous arch of Soleus w/ posterior Tibial A - Between FHL and FDL at the ankle jt - Gives terminal branches that supply the sole of the foot: Medial and Lateral Plantar NsTibial N
24- Interosseous tibiofibular lig continous w/ interosseous membrane - Anterior and Posterior ligaments - Slight movement to accomodate wedging of trochlea of talus during dorsiflexionSyndemosis - Inferior Tibiofibular Jt
25- Attaches around the articular margins - Anteriorly extends onto the neck of the Talus - Weak anteriorly and posteriorly - Supports lateral and medially by strong collateral ligsAnkle Capsule
26- Anterior Talofibular -> neck of talus - Posterior Talofibular -> lateral tubercle of talus - Calcaneofibular -> lateral surface of calcaneousLateral Collateral Ligaments
27Fans out from medial malleolus and has 4 parts: - Anterior tibiotalar - Tibionavicular - Tibiocalcaneal - Posterior TibiotalarMedial Collateral ligament (deltoid)
281) Medial tubercle calcaneous, flexor retinaculum -> medial base of proximal phalanx 2) Medial tubercle calcaneous -> middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes 3) Medial and lateral tubercle calcaneous -> lateral base proximal phalanxFoot - Layer 1
1) Abd Hallucis
2) FDB
3) Abd Digiti Minimi
291) Long flexor tendons -> toes 2) Tendon of FDL -> medial side of dorsal tendon expansion 3) Medial and lateral surfaces of calcaneous -> lateral side of FDL tendonFoot - Layer 2
1) FDL and FHL
2) Lumbricles
3) Quadratus Plantae (QP)
301) Cuboid and lateral cuneiform -> both sides base proximal phalanx of Hallux 2) Transverse Head - Plantar lig of MTP jt Oblique Head - Base of metatarsals 2-4 -> lateral side base of proximal phalanx of Hallux 3) Base 5th metatarsal -> base prox phalanx of 5th digitFoot - Layer 3
1) Flexor Hallucis Brevis (FHB)
2) Add Hallucis
3) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
311) Bases and medial side of metatarsals 3-5 -> medial side of proximal phalanx of 3-5th digit - Adduct 2) Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5 -> 1st on medial side proximal phalanx 2nd digit -> 2nd-4th lateral side proximal phalanx 2nd -4th digitsFoot - Layer 4
1) 3x Plantar interossi PAD
2) 4x Dorsal interossi DAB
32- Terminal branches of Tibial N deep to flexor retinaculum - Enters foot deep to Abductor Hallucis 1) Between abductor Hallucis and FDB 2) Between layers 1 and 2, deep and superficial branches. Deep branch between layers 3 and 4Plantar Ns
1) Medial Plantar N
2) Lateral Plantar N
33Innervation of muscles of foot (S2, S3) 1) To: Abd Hallucis, FDB, 1st lumbricle, FHB 2) All the other muscles1) Medial Plantar N
2) Lateral Plantar N
34Supported by: 1) Tendon of Tibialis Post 2) Tendon of Peroneus Longus 3) Adductor Hallucis 4) Deep transverse metatarsal ligTransverse Arch
1) & 2) Tarsal arch
3) Metatarsal arch
4) Anterior arch
35Calcaneous, Cuboid, Metatarsals 4 and 5Bones of lateral arch
36Calcaneous, Talus, 3 Cunieforms, metatarsals 1-3Bones of medial arch
37Intrinsic muscles of the foot, FHL, FDLDynamic Support
381) Plantar calcaenonavicular (spring) lig 2) Short plantar lig (calcaneocuboid) 3) Long plantar lig 4) Plantar aponeurosisPassive support
39Talonavicular and Calcaneocuboid jts - Talcocalcaneal part is - Talonavicular part is Calcaneocuboid jt isTransverse (mid) tarsal jt
- plane synovial
- ball and socket
- plane synovial
40Ligaments of Midtarsal JT 1) Calcaenous-> Navicular and cuboid 2) Calcaneus -> Cuboid 3) Calcaneus-> Cuboid and Metatarsals 4) Calcaneus -> Cuboid 5) Calcaneus-> NavicularLigaments of Midtarsal jt
1) Bifurcate lig
2) Dorsal Calcaneocuboid lig
3) Long Plantar lig
4) Short plantar lig
5) Spring lig (Calcaneonavicular)
41What is thisJoint of inversion/eversion
- Subtalar jt
- Talocalcaneal part of Talocalcanonavicular
42Movements of jts of inversion/eversion: 1) Inversion/eversion. Forefoot, midfoot and calcaneus rotate under talus 2) Augments inversion/eversion, forefoot and midfoot rotate on hindfoot1) Subtalar jt
2) Midtarsal jt
43—Tarsometatarsal jts
(Lisfranc's jt)
- Ant tarsal bones (cuboid and cuneiforms) artic w/ base of metatarsals
44—Tarsometatarsal ligs
451) synovial condyloid jt, - flexion, extension, abduction and adduction 2) Synovial hinge jt - flexion and extension1) Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) jts
2) Interphalangeal (IP) jts
46Weight distributed almost equally between 1) and 2)1) Calcaneus
2) Heads of metatarsals
47- Talonavicular (ant part talocalcaneonavicular) - Subtalar - Calcaneocuboid - Cuneonavicular - Tarsometatarsal - Metatarsophalangeal - Intermetatarsal - InterphalangealJoints of the foot
{Talonavicular + Calcaneocuboi= Transv (mid) tarsal jt}
48Plane synovial jt 1) Slightly concave posterior calcaneal artic surface 2) Convex posterior articular facet1) Talus
2) Calcaneus
49What joint is this?Subtalar jt
50Weak capsule supported by Medial, Lateral, Interosseous and Posterior Talocalcaneal ligsLigaments of subtalar jt
51—Transverse (mid)tarsal jt
52—
531) Dorsalis Pedis A is a cont of ? 2) Branches: ?, ?, ? 3) Runs across metatarsals to anastamose with lateral tarsal A Metatarsal and digital AArteries of dorsum of foot:
1) Ant tibial A
2) Lateral tarsal A, Deep plantar A (sole of foot),
3) Arcuate