Flashcards
Control of Gene Expression
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What is the Genotype of an Organism?The alleles Present
- 2What is the Phenotype of an organism?The appearance of an organism
- 3What is Intracellular?Something occurring or located inside a cell
- 4What is Extracellular?Something occurring or located outside a cell
- 5What does coding DNA produce?Proteins
- 6What is Non-coding DNA involved in?Gene Expression
- 7What are proteins?Polypeptide chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
- 8Functions of Proteins-Structural components of Cell
-Enzymes increase rate Chemical reaction
-Hormones involved in regulation
-Antibodies Give immunity against specific proteins - 9state the differences between DNA and RNADNA- found in the nucleus ,two strands, deoxyribose sugarn Adinine Paired to Thymine
RNA- Found in Nucleus and cytoplasm, one strand, ribose sugar, Adinine paired to Uracil - 10What are the three types of RNA?- mRNA (Messenger)
-tRNA (Transport/transfer)
-rRNA (Ribosomal) - 11State the location and function of mRNALocation - Nucleus and Cytoplasm
Function - Carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA to the Ribosomes in the cytoplasm - 12State the location and function of tRNALocation- Cytoplasm and Ribosome
Function- Carries specific amino acids to the Ribosome to be assembled into poly peptide chains - 13State the location and the function of rRNALocation- Ribosome
Function- combined with proteins to make up the structure of ribosomes and takes part in translation of mRNA to amino acids - 14What is Transcription?The first stage of protein synthesis, takes place in the nucleus
- 15Explain the Process of Transcription1. A section of DNA uncoils
2. RNA nucleotides pair up with DNA nucleotides
3. A strand of primary mRNA is released (primary transcript)
4. RNA splicing converts primary transcript to mature transcript - 16Explain the process of RNA splicing1.RNA splicing removes non-coding sections of DNA called Introns
2. Joins together the coding sections of DNA called Exons - 17What is Translation?The second and final stage of Protein synthesis
- 18Explain the Process of Translation1. A tRNA carries amino acids to their specific anti-codons where they pair with their codon
2. Peptide bonds join the amino acids on the tRNA
3. The first tRNA is released and the ribosome moves along a codon
4. Process is repeated - 19What is meant by the term ' one gene, many proteins' ?Different proteins can be expressed from the same gene due to alternative RNA splicing and various Post- translational modifications that can occur
- 20What is Post- translational modification?Changes made to polypeptids following translation e.g adding on phosphate groups can change forms)
- 21What is alternative splicing?Allows a primary transcript to form different mRNA molecules depending on which exons are included in the mature mRNA