Flashcards
D+G - Groupings
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What is the north/south divide?A division which exists between the rich 'North' countries and the poorer 'south' countries
- 2What are the characteristics of the 'north'?1) Is home to 4/5 permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
2. Has all members of the G8, the group of the 8 most powerful nations/economies
3) Has enough food and water for 95% of its population
4) Have 95% of people with access to a functioning education system.
5) Controls 4/5 of the world income.
6) Owns 90% of the manufacturing industries - 3What issues are there with the north/south divide?1) It is too simple – large variations in wealth are hidden in both north/south
2) It is geographically incorrect – Australia and New Zealand are south but included as North.
3)Development changes over time, BRIC economies of Brazil, India and China
4) Economies have become more varied that manufacturing and agriculture.
5) The crash of the Soviet Bloc has massively changed the picture, with many of the USSRs former states now falling into the developing category. - 4What is the European Union?The EU is an economic and political union of 27 European member states formed after world war 2.
- 5What are examples of institutions in the EU?Examples of institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, and the European Central Bank.
- 6What do the EU policies aim to ensure?The free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development.
- 7What is the EU's population and nominal GDP?500 million people (7.5% of worlds population)
$16 250 billion in 2010 (20% of global GDP) - 8What are the advantages of the European Union?1) High reduction of war probability, common foreign policy.
2) All European countries entering the EU are bound to restrictions that are favourable to their economy and development.
3) A European currency that reduces monetary instability; eliminates exchange rates and favours trade.
4) Europe strengthens each member country because it is bound to other member countries and is therefore stronger against other big economies.
5) Europeans can move around freely within the European Union - 9How does being in the EU reduce sovereignty?Reduction of sovereignty when European Institutions ask countries to give some of their sovereign powers to the EU (doesn't benefit every country)
This has led to clashes between nations such as Britain with the EU over court decisions, economic policies etc. - 10Why is the cost of being in the European union a disadvantage?Cost. For example, the EU costs the UK £6.4bn, according to Foreign and Commonwealth office the cost is about £300 per head.
- 11Why are some of the policies of the EU as disadvantage?A large percentage of EU spending goes on the Common Agricultural Policy (40%). For many years this distorted agricultural markets by placing minimum prices on food. This lead to higher prices for consumers and encouraging over-supply.
- 12Why is the Euro a disadvantage for the EU?Membership of the EU doesn't mean membership of the Euro. But, the EU has placed great emphasis on the Single Currency. However, it has proved to have many problems as seen by the Eurozone crisis since 2008, which has seen three bailouts and a number of European countries in severe debt
- 13Why is migration a disadvantage of the EU?Free Movement of Labour has caused problems of overcrowding in certain European nations, such as in Britain, Germany and France. This has pushed up house prices and led to congestion on roads. Free Movement of Labour can lead to increased employment of cheap foreign labour.
- 14What is NAFTA?The North American Free Trade Agreement is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force in 1994. In terms of combined GDP of its members, as of 2010 the trade bloc is the largest in the world.
- 15What was the goal of NAFTA?eliminate barriers to trade and investment between the US, Canada and Mexico
- 16What are the advantages of NAFTA?1) Linking 444 million people and producing $17 trillion in goods annually.
1) Trade in NAFTA tripled, to $1 trillion in 2007.
3) NAFTA increased farm exports by eliminating high Mexican tariffs. US agricultural exports to Canada and Mexico has grown from 22% in 1993 to 30% in 2007.
4) US service exports to Canada and Mexico from $25 billion in 1993 to $105 billion in 2007.
6) Since NAFTA was enacted, US FDI in Canada and Mexico more than tripled to $350 billion in 2007. - 17What are the disadvantages of NAFTA?1) NAFTA has made it possible for US manufacturers to move jobs to Mexico.
2) Since labour is cheaper in Mexico, the US trade deficits with Mexico totalled $97.2 billion, displacing 682,900 US jobs. Nearly 80% of the losses were in manufacturing.
3) Mexican famers were put out of business. Due to NAFTA, Mexico lost 1.3 million farm jobs. - 18What is a Preferential trade area?Preferential Trade Areas (PTAs) exist when countries within a geographical region agree to reduce or eliminate tariff barriers on selected goods imported from other members of the area. This is often the first small step towards the creation of a trading bloc.
- 19What is a Free Trade area?Free Trade Areas (FTAs) are created when two or more countries in a region agree to reduce or eliminate barriers to trade on all goods coming from other members.
- 20What are the advantages of trading blocs?1) Knowing that they have free access to each other's markets, members of trade blocs are encouraged to specialise.
2) Market access and trade creation - Easier access to each other’s markets means that trade between members is likely to increase.
3) Producers can benefit from the application of scale economies, which will lead to lower costs and lower prices for consumers.
4) Employment may be created as a consequence of increased trade between member economies.
5) Firms inside the bloc are protected from cheaper imports from outside, such as the protection of the EU shoe industry from cheap imports from China and Vietnam. - 21What are the disadvantages of trading blocs?1) The benefits of free trade between countries in different blocs are lost.
2) Trading blocs are likely to distort world trade.
3) Inefficient producers within the bloc can be protected from more efficient ones outside the bloc. For example, inefficient European farmers may be protected from low-cost imports from developing countries.
4) The development of one regional trading bloc is likely to stimulate the development of others. This can lead to trade disputes.
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- A-Level Geography (A2) Flashcards on D+G - Groupings, created by Ella Foster on 12/04/2017.
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