874408
Description
Flashcards by ggarr13088, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ggarr13088
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 1902-1906 B C | Balfour : Conservative 1902 - Education Act = schools funded from local rates. 1904 - Licensing Act = reduced number of public houses. 1902-04 - Chinese Labour issue = TUs worried they'd be brought in and push wages down. (conservatives lost support) Taff Vale Case - Railway workers went on strike & House of Lords said company could sue TU (cons lost support) 1903 - Tariff reform campaign = biggest misjudgment. 1906 = 1/4 country in poverty. Low wages. High unemployment. |
| 1906-1908 CB L | Campbell Bannerman : Liberal 1906 - Liberal Landslide = Lib 401 vs Cons 157 Lib Lab pact = Labour had a lot of £ so joined with lib to work against cons. New Liberalism = state intervention (due to Rowntree's report) 1906 - Trade Disputes Act = reversed Taff Vale judgement 1906 - Workmen's Compensation Act 1906 - Education Act (meals) 1907 - Education Act (medical) 1908 - Children Act (ensured care/protection of children) 1908 - Old Age Pensions Act = 5 shillings per week (7s 6d for married couples) |
| 1908-1916 A L | 1909 - Trade Boards Act = set min wage 1909 - Labour exchanges Act = help unemployed find jobs (only 25% did) 1909-10 -1st Constitutional Crisis = House of Commons needed £15mill for 'People's Budget' - House of Lords rejected 1910-11 - 2nd Constitutional Crisis = Parliament Act (HofC independence from HofL) General election lowered from 7 to 5 yrs. 1910 - General Election = Libs & Cons both had 272 seats. 1910 - King Edward died 1911 - National Sickness Act = employers paid weekly sickness benefit to workers. 1911 - National Insurance Act = (pt 1. unemployed benefits) (pt 2. sick pay) 1911 - Shops Act = provided 1/2 day weekly for shop workers. 1912 - Third Home Rule Bill = Ireland got own parliamentary power 1914 (Autumn) - Parties didn't agree on Home Rule. It got suspended when war broke out. 1914 - WAR BROKE OUT!!! 1914 - Labour nearly split over whether they should support war. 1915 - Severe shell shortage 1915 - Dilution Agreement (unskilled workers) 1915 - Loan of $5000 million from USA |
| 1916-1922 LG L (coalition) | Lloyd George - Liberal • 1916 First Military Service Act – conscription for 18-41 year old single men • Summer 1916 Second Military Service Act – extended to married men • May 1917 – Voluntary rationing • Jan 1918 – compulsory rationing • Feb 1918 – extended to men aged 50, refusal = imprisonment • 1918 1/3 of workforce made up by women • Autumn 1918 – German soldiers could not fight on • November 11th 1918 – Armistice signed •1918 coupon election – voters choosing between Asquith and Lloyd George (both Lib) Lloyd George wanted power and said he would form a peacetime coalition if he won. Lloyd George got 133 seats and Asquith only got 28 Conservatives got 333 seats & so coalition formed • 1918 peacetime coalition • 1918 Representation of the People Act - All men 21+ could vote & women who were over 30, married and earned a certain amount of money gained votes because of war • Government spending up to £2,600 million from £200 million between 1913-1918 • 1919 Sexual Disqualification Act • Demobilisation (carried through in 1919 without making unemployment worse) • 1919 Addison Housing Act – 200,000 council houses built for working class • Geddes Axe = spending cuts! • 1st April 1921 = miners’ strike • Bonar Law resigned from coalition in May 1921 • 1922 by-election (conservative win) |
| 1922-1923 (8mnths) BL C | Bonar Law- Conservative • Won 1922 November election • Had to resign because of illness |
| 1923 B C | Baldwin : Conservative Decided to call election Dec. 1923 on issue of tariff reform = disastrous |
| 1924 M L | Macdonald : Labour • Raised Old Age Pensions & unemployment benefit • Wheatley’s Housing Act = 10.5 mill new houses • Set up committee on future of Secondary Education • Liberals withdrew support • His fall was due to links with USSR because of trade deal & indecisive handling of Campbell case |
| 1924 - 1929 B C | Baldwin : Conservative • 1925 put on Gold Standard • May 1926 General Strike – lasted 9 days • 1926 Electricity Act – National Grid • 1927 Trade Disputes Act – outlawed sympathy strikes • 1927 Unemployment Insurance Act – reduced unemployment benefit & increased contributions people had to make • Coal exports fell from 8.3 million tonnes to 5.3 million tonnes between 1920 and 1926 • 1928 Equal Franchise Act – all women voted on same terms as men (aged 21+) • General Election May 1929- Labour 288, Conservative 260 and Liberal 58 seats (Conservatives had more votes but lost because of first past post) |
| 1929-1931 M L | Macdonald : Labour • Coal Mines Act – reduced miners’ days from 8 to 7 ½ hours • Land Utilisation Act & Agricultural Marketing Act • Wall Street Crash October 1929 • Value or British exports dropped by half • By 1929 1 million+ were unemployed because of staple industry structural decline • Financial crisis • Economic Advisory Council of industries and economists • May Committee (report recommended £96.5 million cuts, higher tax and reduced benefits) • Second Industrial Revolution • July 1931 Run on the Bank of England • Macdonald decided to resign but instead agreed to lead the National Government • Great Depression 1931 |
| 1931-1935 M National Government | Macdonald : National Government • September 1931 - Gold Standard abandoned • 1932 – 47% of steel workers were unemployed • 1932 Import Duties Act – tariffs to protect industry/agriculture • 1932 Ottawa conference • 1933/1934 = Communist Party of Great Britain peaked (Extremists) • 1934 = British Union of Fascists peaked at 50,000 members • 1934 Special Areas Act - £2 million areas in need • 1934 North Atlantic Shipping Act • 1935 British Shipping Act |
| 1935-1937 B National Gov. (Cons) | • 1936 Cotton Industry Act – close down non-profitable mills • 1936 Jarrow Crusade – 200 unemployed men from Jarrow marched to London to petition parliament to bring work to their town. • 1936 - King Edward VIII abdicated (Baldwin threatened to resign) |
| 1937-1940 C National Gov. (Cons) | Chamberlain : National Gov. • 1938 – 1/5 coal miners and 1/4 cotton workers were unemployed • 1939 – Start of WW2 • May 1940 Military and Political crises • Britain under threat of invasion 1940 (formed coalition) • Chamberlain resigned May 1940 • September 1939 – 1 million children evacuated By January 1940 ½ had returned • Children evacuated again 1940 |
| 1940-1945 WC C (C) | Churchill : Conservative (coalition) • 1940 Rationing (lasted until 1954) • September 1940 – All men 18 to 41 conscripted • 1940 – children evacuated because of Blitz • 1941- Single women 20-30 conscripted for reserved occupations • 1941 Lend Lease – America provided materials and a total of £27,000 million • Canada gave interest free loans & provided $1000 million • 1942 Beverage report: Poverty, sickness, unemployment, housing and education • 1944 Education Act • 1945 – 6 million women in civilian work & 460,000 in military • 1945 - children evacuated because of V1&V2 rockets • 1945 Family Allowances Act – weekly benefit of 5 shillings • 1945 election – Labour won 393 seats |
| 1945-1951 A L | Attlee : Labour • 1946 Industrial Injuries Act • 1946 National Insurance Act • 1946 NHS (Began in 1948) • 1946 New Towns Act • 1946 Marshall Aid loan • 1947 The Town & Countryside Act • 1947 ‘year of horrors’ – harsh winter, rise in unemployment, transport at standstill… • 1947 convertibility crisis – money had to be paid back in gold or dollars (Britain couldn’t afford to lose money through converting to dollars) • 1948 National Assistance Act • 1949 American recession led to reduced demand for British exports • Nationalisation • Full employment maintained 1945-1951 • 1951 election – Labour lost because of 1st past post system |
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