Flashcards
Risk Taking
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1Base jumping Positive, negative reinforcement? Punishment?positive reinforcement - Adrenalin
Negative reinforcement - removal of the pre-jump anxiety
Punishments - injury, arrested, death - 2Financial investment Positive reinforcement? Punishment?Positive reinforcement - financial return
Punishment - losing heaps of money - 3Risk sensitivityWhether an organism chooses a variable option or a fixed option when given the choice between the two
- 4Risk AversePreferring the fixed option over the variable option
- 5Risk PronePreferring the variable option over the fixed option
- 6Risk NeutralNo preference
- 7Probabilistic discountingcertain outcome vs. uncertain outcome. Much the same as delayed discounting. A decrease in value as the probability decreases.
- 8Testing the probability discounting in the lab? experimental analogueGive a choice between certain (A) and uncertain (B).
A: $500 p=1
B: $1000 p=.5, $0 p=.5 - 9Difference between humans and animals?Humans are more risk averse.
- 10Energy-Budget models of risky choiceRule predicts organisms will choose between certain and uncertain options in such a ways as to minimise the chances of an energy short fall
- 11Postive energy budgetWhen reserves of food are high or the mean food available is sufficient to meet energy requirements
- 12Negative energy budgetWhen reserves of food are low or the mean food available is not sufficient to meet energy requirements
- 13Energy-Budget experimental analogueCaraco, Martindale, & Whittam
Yellow eyed juncos
A: Fixed amount of food - certain option
B: Variable amount of food - uncertain
When deprived of food for one hour (still positive energy budget) then juncos preferred A.
When deprived of food for 4 hours (negative energy budget) the juncos preferred B.
This was because in a negative budget site A is not enough to meet requirements and only B offers the possible chance of a satiation of needs. - 14Examples of energy budgets in humans?Heroin addicts
Business survival
Businesses become more risk prone when in negative energy budgets (when about to go financially under) - 15What constitutes gambling?Wagering something of value on an event with an unpredictable outcome
- 16Five levels of gamblersNon-gamblers
Non-problematic gamblers
Gamblers with sub-clinical levels of gambling problems
Gamblers who meet the DSM IV criteria for pathological gambling
Gamblers who present themselves for treatment
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- Flashcards on Risk Taking, created by cjjstone on 20/05/2014.
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