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OSCE

Lou Clark A12 Semester 2 English 123 cards

Cards in this deck (123)

  1. 1Flapping tremor?Hepatic encephalopathy
    - (abnormal NH3 metabolism)
  2. 2Clubbing - abdominal?Cirrhosis
    IBD
    Coeliacs
  3. 3Leukonychia - abdominal?Hypoalbuminemia in liver cirrhosis
  4. 4Koilonychia?Iron deficiency anaemia
  5. 5Palmar erythema -abdominal?Hyperdynamic circulation due to increased oestrogen in liver disease / pregnancy
  6. 6Dupuytren's contracture?Risk factors:
    Familial
    Liver disease
  7. 7Fingertip capillary glucose monitoring marksDiabetes
  8. 8Sclera jaundice?Liver disease
  9. 9Conjunctiva pallor - anaemia?Bleeding, malabsorption etc..
  10. 10Periorbital xanthelasma?Hyperlipidaemia - cholestasis
  11. 11Glossitis / stomatitis?Iron/ B12 deficiency anaemia
  12. 12Aphthous ulcers?IBD
  13. 13Breath odour - faeculent?Obstruction
  14. 14Breath odour - ketotic?Ketoacidosis
  15. 15Spider naevi - abdominal?Hepatitis/ alcoholic cirrhosis
    Pregnancy
  16. 16Gynaecomastia?Increase oestrogen in liver disease / pregnancy
  17. 17Loss of axiliary hair?Increase oestrogen in liver disease / pregnancy
  18. 18Distension?Fat, fluid, flatus, foetus, faeces
  19. 19Midline laparotomy?Along linea alba
    Most laparotomies
  20. 20Pfannenstiel?Along pubic line
    Caesarean section, pelvic/bladder/prostate surgery
  21. 21Paramedian?Spleen, kidney, adrenal
  22. 22Lanz?McBurney's point:
    Appendicectomy
  23. 23Groin incision - oblique?Inguinal hernia
  24. 24Vertical groin incision?Femoral artery embolectomy
  25. 25Kocher's?Parallel to right costal margin:
    Cholecystectomy
  26. 26Loin scar?Nephrectomy - renal surgery
  27. 27Laparoscopy scars?Appendicectomy, cholecystectomy, colectomies
  28. 28Abdominal striae?Pregnancy
    Cushing's disease
  29. 29Absent abdominal movement with respiration?Peritonitis
  30. 30Guarding?Tensing to protect abdominal organs
    peritonitis
  31. 31Rebound tenderness?Peritonitis
  32. 32Rousing's sign?Pressure on left iliac fossa = pain right iliac fossa
    Appendicitis
  33. 33Murphy's sign?Pain when exerting pressure under right costal margin during inspiration
    = cholecystitis
  34. 34Hepatomegaly?Metastasis/ HCC
    Cirrhosis
    Hepatitis
    RVF
    Leukaemia / lymphoma
  35. 35Splenomegaly?Lymphoma / leukaemia
    Myelofibrosis
    Malaria
    Portal hypertension
    Haemolysis
  36. 36Percussion tenderness - abdominal?Peritonitis
  37. 37Percussion tympanic?Flatus
  38. 383 additional examinations after abdominal exam?Hernial orifices
    Digital rectal (PR)
    External genitalia examination
  39. 39Plantar foot wasting + dorsal foot guttering?LMN lesion
  40. 40Fasciculations?LMN lesion
  41. 41Increased muscle tone?UMN lesion
  42. 42Decreased muscle tone?LMN lesion
  43. 43MRC grades of muscle power?5 = full power
    4 = some resistance
    3 = gravity
    2 = gravity eliminated
    1 = flicker of muscle contraction
    0 = nothing
  44. 44Nerve roots of hip flexion?L2 / L3
  45. 45Nerve roots of hip extension?L4 / L5
  46. 46Nerve roots of knee extension?L3 / L4
  47. 47Nerve roots of knee flexion?L5 / S1
  48. 48Nerve roots of ankle dorsiflexion?L4 / L5
  49. 49Nerve roots of ankle plantarflexion?S1 / S2
  50. 50Nerve roots for big toe extension?L5
  51. 51Nerve roots of patellar reflex?L3 / L4
  52. 52Nerve roots of ankle reflex?S1 / S2
  53. 53Plantar response = toe extension?UMN lesion
  54. 54Plantar response = toe flexion?Normal
  55. 55Mal-coordination?Cerebellar lesion
  56. 56Brisk / exaggerated reflexes?UMN lesion
  57. 57Reduced reflexes?LMN lesion
  58. 58Other examinations to complete lower limb motor exam?1. Cranial nerves
    2. Upper limb motor examination
  59. 59Abnormalities of gait?Hemiplegic
    Spastic
    Foot drop
    Ataxic
    Myopathic
    Parkinsonian
  60. 60Visual inattention to one side?Contralateral parietal lesion
  61. 61Monocular field loss?Retinal damage
    OR
    Ipsilateral optic nerve lesion
  62. 62Bitemporal field hemianopia?Optic chiasm compression
  63. 63Left / right homonymous hemianopia?Contralateral optic tract lesion
  64. 64Left / right homonymous hemianopia with central sparing?Contralateral occipital pole lesion
  65. 65Afferent defect in papillary light reflex?Neither pupils constrict when light is shined into the affected eye.
    Optic nerve lesion
  66. 66Efferent defect in papillary light reflex?Affected pupil remains persistently dilated, unaffected pupil constricts in response to light shined in either eye.
    Oculomotor nerve lesion
  67. 67Afferent papillary defect in swinging light test?Pupils become more dilated when light is shined on the affected eye.
    Partial optic nerve lesion
  68. 68Word referring to 'cross-eyed' appearance?Strabismus
  69. 69What might be a cause of partial ptosis?Horners syndrome
  70. 70What causes complete ptosis?Oculomotor nerve lesion
  71. 71What is ptosis?Drooping of upper eyelid
  72. 72Causes of nystagmus?Cerebellar lesion
  73. 73Possible cause of fatiguability when looking superiorly for extended time?Myasthenia gravis
  74. 74Unable to move eye laterally?Abducens nerve lesion
  75. 75Evidence of trochlear nerve lesion?Eye unable to move inferiorly when facing medially
  76. 76'Down and out' position of the eye?Oculomotor nerve lesion
  77. 77Additional examinations after cranial nerve exam of II, III, IV, VI?Cranial nerve exam of V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII.
    Upper and lower limb neurological examination.
    Ophthalmoscopy.
    Snellen chart.
    Ishihara colour plate examination.
  78. 78Three branches of the trigeminal nerve?1. Ophthalmic
    2. Maxillary
    3. Mandibular
  79. 79Muscle tested when asked to open jaw against resistance?Masseter
  80. 80What sensory nerve is tested in the corneal reflex test?Nasocilliary branch of ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
  81. 81What motor nerve is tested in the corneal reflex test?Temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve?
  82. 82Why is the forehead spared in UMN lesions?Bilateral UMN innervation to the forehead
  83. 83Uvular deviation during phonation?Contralateral (deviates away from lesion) vagus nerve lesion
  84. 84Main sensory nerve in the gag reflex?Glossopharyngeal nerve
  85. 85Main motor nerve in the gag reflex?Vagus nerve
  86. 86What is tested when patients turns head into the side against resistance?Contralateral sternocleidomastoid muscle
  87. 87Tongue deviation?Ipsilateral hypoglossal lesion (deviates to side of lesion
  88. 88What might low set ears suggest?Genetic syndromes
  89. 89What might a pre auricular sinus/pit suggest?Developmental defect of the 1st & 2nd pharyngeal arches
  90. 90Changes to skin of pinna?Neoplasia??
  91. 91Example of deformity of pinna?Accessory auricle
  92. 92Causes of erythema of the pinna?Erysipelas
    Chondritis
  93. 93What causes erythema and pus/discharge, tragal tenderness of the external auditory meatus?Otitis externa
  94. 94Tenderness upon tugging pinna?Mastoiditis
  95. 95Thick white growth of skin of auditory canal?Cholesteatoma
  96. 96What colour should the tympanic membrane be?Pinkish-grey
  97. 97Red tympanic membrane?Infection
  98. 98Scarred tympanic membrane?Tympanosclerosis
  99. 99Bulging tympanic membrane?Infection
  100. 100Retracted tympanic membrane?Pharyngotympanic tube (eustachian) dysfunction
  101. 101What are some visible features behind the tympanic membrane?1. Pars tensa
    2. Pars flaccida
    3. Handle of malleolus + umbo
    4. Cone of light
  102. 102How should the patient be positioned for a blood pressure test?Back supported in chair, legs uncrossed, doesn't move or talk.
    Support arm horizontally at the level of the heart.
  103. 103How to choose the correct bladder size for sphygmomanometry?Bladder should encircle at least 80% of arm circumference
  104. 104What marks the estimated systolic blood pressure?When pulse can no longer be palpated
  105. 105At what speed should you deflate the cuff when taking a blood pressure measurement?2-3 Hg/s
  106. 106What marks the systolic blood pressure?Pressure at which the first Korotkoff sound is heard
  107. 107What marks the diastolic blood pressure?Pressure at which the Korotkoff sounds are no longer heard
  108. 108What are considered the normal ranges for blood pressure?Systolic: 90 -120
    Diastolic: 60-80
  109. 109What is considered low blood pressure?Less than 90/60
  110. 110What are the ranges for mild hypertension?140-159 / 90-99
  111. 111What are the ranges for moderate hypertension?160-179 / 100-109
  112. 112What are the ranges for severe hypertension?≥180 / ≥110
  113. 113What might you look for around the bed in a cardiovascular examination?Oxygen
    Medication
    IV drips
    ECG machine
  114. 114Nails clubbing- cardiovascular?Congenital heart disease, infective endocarditis
  115. 115Splinter haemorrhages?Infective endocarditis
  116. 116Extensor tendon xanthomata?Hyperlipidaemia
  117. 117Pale conjunctiva pallor?Anaemia
  118. 118Xanthalasma?Hyperlipidaemia
  119. 119Petechial haemorrhages - cardiovascular?Infective endocarditis
  120. 120Poor dental hygiene?Infective endocarditis
  121. 121Ruddy complexion?Polycythaemia
  122. 122Swollen cyanotic face?SVC obstruction
  123. 123—

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A12 Semester 2 Flashcards on OSCE , created by Lou Clark on 04/06/2017.
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Lou Clark
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