Digestion and Waste Management

C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP + Nitrogenous Waste

Supply of Reactant

Gut

Lungs, gills, skin

Waste Removal System

Kidneys

Circulatory System

Essential Nutrients

Must be from diet, animal cannot produce any or enough on its own

Vitamins (organic molecules)

Some fatty acids

Minerals (inorganic molecules)

Some amino acids

Methods of Ingestion

Bulk Feeding

Fluid Feeding

Suspension Feeding

Substrate Feeding

Whole

In pieces

Soft body, wrap around prey

Modified jaws, unhinge to eat whole prey

Teeth, claws, lips

Liquid Sap

Blood

Eating of Habitat

Filter Feeding

Collecting food from water as it moves through body

Aquatic Species

Derived, More Advantageous

Enzymes only work on surface of prey

Methods of Digestion

Extracellular

Intracellular

Use of enzymes to digest food once already inside cell/food vacuole

Use of enzymes to break down food pre-cellular absorption

Sponges 100%

All other animals

Only used for tripeptide digestion

Use of Cavities

Gastrovascular Cavity

Alimentary Canal

2 way gut

Food enters and leaves same opening

1 way guy

Mouth takes food, leaves out of anus

More Advantageous

Allows for regional specialization, maximizing efficiency

Cellulose Digestion

Complex, beta linked, polysaccharide, hard to breakdown

Termites

Symbiotic relationship w/ microorganisms

Microorganisms produce cellulase to digest

Adaptations needed for digestion

Symbiotic Relationships

Coprophagy

Organ Expansion

Multiple Stomachs

Rumen

Cecum

Microorganisms living within

Blind pouch off of gut

Food mixes into stomachs w/ organisms who will digest it for easier breakdown

Re-ingestion of feces

Large intestine (w/ cecum) not big enough to absorb all cellulose in 1

Feces re-ingested to derive for nurtients

Herbivores

Carnivores

Larger cecum

Larger large intestine

Larger small intestine

Smaller small intestine

Smaller Large intestine

Nitrogenous Waste Production

Filtration

Reabsorption

Excretion

Secretion