GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT

GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT

1. Theories of development, under-development and global inequality

   • Modernisation theory
   • Dependency theory
   • World Systems theory
   • Traditional Marxism
   • Neo-liberalism

2. Defining and measuring development

   • Third World
   • Gross National Product (GNP)
   • Human Development Index (HDI)
   • Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
   • The Bottom Billion

3. Globalisation

   • Economical
     • Capitalism
     • Transnational Corporations (TNCs)
     • McDonaldization
   • Political
     • Growth of liberal democracies
     • Global decision making through International Government Organisations (IGOs)
     • Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
   • Cultural
     • World information & communication systems i.e internet
     • global patterns of consumerism
     • Cosmopolitan lifestyle
     • World sport
     • World tourism
     • Spread of American consumer culture
     • Growth of religion
     • Dominance of the English language
     • Spread of Western values
   • Theoretical Perspectives
     • Neo-liberals
     • Radicals
     • Transformationalists
   • Benefits & losses
   • Cultural Imperialism

4. Aid and Trade

   • Aid
     • In favour of aid
       • Moral argument
       • Modernisation theory
     • Against aid
       • Neo-liberals
       • Neo-marxists
       • 'Middle ground'
   • Debt
     • Moral Hazard
     • Vulture funds
     • Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPCI)
     • Debt boomerangs
       • Environment
       • Drugs
       • Taxes
       • Unemployment
       • Migration
       • Wars

5. Agencies of development

   • States
     • State-led development
     • States blocking development
   • Transnational Corporations (TNCs)
     • Corporate Responsibility
     • Applying theories
       • Modernisation theory & Neo-liberals
       • Dependency theory
   • Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
     • Strengths/criticisms
   • International governmental organisations (IGOs)
     • World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organisation (WTO)
     • Criticisms of IMF
     • Criticisms of World Bank
     • Criticisms of WTO

6. Industrialization

   • Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)
   • Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI)
   • Newly Industrialising Countries (NIC)
   • 'Asian Tigers'
   • New International division of labour (NIDL)
   • Specialising
   • Agriculture

7. Urbanization

   • Modernisation theory
   • Dependency theory
   • Urban housing
   • Migration
     • Push factors
     • Pull factors
   • Differences between urban and rural poverty
   • Cities and the environment

8. Environment

   • MDG7: Ensure environmental sustainability
   • Environmental problems in developing countries
   • Clash of interests
   • Applying theories
     • Neo-liberals
     • Neo-Malthusian
     • Anti-Malthusians
   • Sustainable development

9. War and Conflict

   • Old wars and New wars
   • Structural violence
   • New Barbarism
     • Neo-Malthusians
   • Interventions
   • Civil Wars
   • The arms trade
   • Terrorism
   • Effects after the war has finished

10. Employment

    • Formal/Informal sector work
    • The 'real' economy
    • Micro credit loans
    • Working children
    • International Labour Office (ILO)

11. Demographic Change

    • Demographer terms
      • Birth rate
      • Infant mortality rate
      • Mortality rate
      • Fertility rate
      • Child mortality rate
    • Demographic transition
    • Malthusian (Thomas Malthus)
    • Anti-Malthusian
    • Population control
      • Contraception
      • Abortion
      • Sterilisation
      • Financial incentives to limit family size

12. Health

    • Selective biomedical intervention/comprehensive, community-based primary health care
    • Modernisation theory
      • Epidemiological transition
    • Dependency theory
    • MDGs
      • MDG4: Reduce child mortality by two thirds by 2015
      • MDG5: Improve maternal health: reduce the maternal mortality ratio by two thirds from 1990 to 2015
      • MDG6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

13. Education

    • Schools in developing countries
      • Problems
      • Inappropriate education
      • Prioritising education

14. Gender

    • Issues affecting women and girls globally
      • Education
      • Health
      • Violence and abuse
      • Work
      • Families
      • Poverty
    • Gender's importance in development
    • Educating girls - Multiplier effect