Chemistry TOPIC 1 (9-1)

Chemistry TOPIC 1 (9-1)

1. Mixtures & Chromatography.

   • Mixtures- easily separated. eg Air, Crude oil
   • Just a mixture of separate parts
   • Chromatography is a method of separating substances.

2. Other separation techniques.

   • Filtration-separates insoluble solids from liquids. Done with filter paper
   • Evaporation-Heating up the solution evaporates the liquids leaving a solid
   • Crystallisation- gently heating it some of the liquid will evaporate, which will make it more concentrated. Leave the solution to cool, crystals should remain.
   • Distillation- is used to separate mixtures which contain liquids. There are two types that need to be remembered: Simple and Fractional.
     • Simple: used for separating out a liquid from a solution. The solution is heated, part of the solutions evaporates due to its low boiling points. The vapour cools and condenses once again becoming a liquid. Changing the boiling points allows you to separate more liquids.
     • Fractional- Used to separate a mixture of liquids. Heat flask with fractioning column on top. Different liquids have different boiling points. As the boiling point raises more, more liquids separate.