Cells and organelles

Cells and organelles

1. Mitochondria

   • Cell power house
     • Produces the cells energy (ATP)
       • Double membrane bound organelle
         • Inner membrane folded into cristae to increase surface area for enzyme attachment
           • Has own DNR & RNA & can reproduce itself

2. Ribosomes

   • Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or floating free in cytoplasm
     • Site for protein synthesis
       • Free ribosomes produce proteins for use in cells
         • Attached ribosomes produce proteins for export from the cell

3. Endopplasmic Reticulum (ER)

   • Flattened membrane sacs that are continuous from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane
     • 2 Types: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

4. RER

   • Covered in ribosomes
     • manufacture protein that enters the ER

5. SER

   • In some cells the SER has become specialised to carry out other functions
     • In liver cells, the site of detoxification, to breakdown stored glycogen to glucose
       • In skeletal & cardiac muscle cells, Stores calcium for muscle contraction, is known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum