Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac Biomarkers

1. Risk of CHD is highest when:

   • High LDL-C
   • Low HDL-C

2. Individual Biomarkers

   • Used to predict CV disease risk
   • Lipoproteins
   • Inflammatory markers
   • Homocysteine
   • High sensitivity Troponin I (hsTnI)

3. Biomarkers for MI

   • Cardiac troponin
     • Central to the definition of MI
     • High sensitivity and specificity
     • Troponin complex is 1:1:1 complex of three regulatory proteins (TnT, TnI, TnC)
       • Exclusively present in striated muscle and regulates interaction between actin and myosin
     • Cardiac specific forms are cTnI and cTnT
   • Myoglobin
   • Total creatinine kinase (CK)
   • CK-MB
     • Bound combination of two variants (isoenzymes CKM and CKB) of the enzyme phosphocreatine kinase
   • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

4. Biomarkers for Heart Failure

   • Main one is B-natriuretic peptide
   • Can also measure NT-proBNP
     • More stable in blood