Abdominal Viscera - liver, spleen + gallbladder

Abdominal Viscera - liver, spleen + gallbladder

1. Liver

   • bile production
     • common hepatic duct
       • common bile duct
         • pancreatic duct
           • ampulla of vater = first 3rd of duodenum
             • enzyme flow into here controlled by sphincter of odii
   • problems
     • portal hypertension
       • intestines to liver via hepatic portal vein
         • no flow
           • increases venuous pressure in the abdomen
             • re-opens normally obliterated ligamentum teres which brings blood from placenta to left love of liver
             • increase in pressure to varices in oesophagus = emergency if rupture
     • caput madusa =swollen veins around
       • umbillicus - leads to
     • cancer
     • cirrhosis = healthy liver cells = scar tissue
       • causes
         • alcoholism
         • hepatitis B and C
       • disease progresses = more liver lobules unable to funcion
         • symptoms
           • itchy skin
           • weight loss
           • appetite loss
           • red palms
           • visible capillaries on skin of upper abdomen
           • pain
           • nausea
           • fatigue
           • insomnia
           • weakness

2. Gallbladder

   • bile
     • secreted into the duodenum when needed
     • xs stores in gallbladder via cystic duct - fills at night
       • concentrated as removed water + electroyltes
         • can form gallstones
           • pain
             • ipsilateral shoulder
               • due to aggrevation of phrenic nerve
                 • same segmental innervation as shoulder
             • abdomen
               • centre
               • upper right quadrant
           • blocks

3. spleen

   • splenic vein
   • location
     • lies against 10th rib
     • in left upper quadrant of abdomen
     • hilum (indentation) of spleen in contact with tail of pancreas
       • tortuos (twisty) splenic artery from pancreas to spleen
   • function
     • abnormal blood cell removal
     • immunoglobulin (antibodies) synthesis
     • microorganism + antigen clearance
   • problems - splenomegaly
     • splenic vain drains into hepatic portal vein = effeced by portal hypertension = spleen enlarges
       • spleen passes medially (towards middle of body) and inferiorly (down)

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