Separating a mixture

Separating a mixture

1. Filtration

   • Method
     • Used to separate a solution and an insoluble substance like a salt solution and sand
     • Or it can be used for separating an insoluble substance and a liquid
     • More effective method than decanting
     • Fold the filter paper into quarters and open it up so that there are 3 edges on one side and one on the other, you then have to put it into a funnel and then put the funnel into a beaker or container which forms a little pocket for you to pour the liquid and insoluble solid. after some time you will have the insoluble solid in the filter paper

2. Magnetising

   • Method
     • This can be used to separate two insoluble substances but only if one of them is magnetic if both or none of them then it won't work
       • After this you will get a magnet and collect up all of the magnetic substance
         • So if you have iron filings and sand then you can use a magnet to pick up all of the iron filings
           • This would not work if you tried it for sand and pasta because neither of them are magnetic this method would also not work for iron and copper because both of them are magnetic

3. Dissolving

   • Method
     • This can be used to separate a soluble substance from an insoluble substance like salt and sand
       • You first pour both of them into a liquid and stir it
         • After this you should filter it to get the sand out
           • When all of the sand is out then you should evaporate the solution that you have left
             • This will give you the salt that you had at the start

4. Decanting

   • Method
     • This is used to separate a liquid and an insoluble liquid
       • You carefully pour the liquid out of the container leaving the solid at the bottom

5. Evaporation

   • Used to get the solute from a solution
     • When you have the solution then you need to gently warm it so that the liquid evaporates and you are left with the crystals of the soluble solid

6. Distillation

   • Used to get the solvent out of a solution
     • You need to heat the solution but have a tube connected to the round bottomed flask which has cold water in the outside
       • After this you need to place a beaker underneath the end of the tube
         • The cold water will condense the evaporated solvent and turn it into a liquid which will get collected in the beaker

7. Chromatography

   • Used to separate soluble substances in a solvent that have different solubilities
     • You need to put a pencil line on the chromatography paper about 1cm up and then put some ink samples on that line in dots
       • And then place the bottom of the paper in some water but not over the dots
         • After some time you should see the different colours of ink that make up each colour up the paper the most soluble at the top and the least soluble at the bottom