The 3 Approaches to Argument (final)

The 3 Approaches to Argument (final)

1. Classical Approach

   • Introduction
     • Statement of Fact
       • Proposition
         • State the facts that support the topic
           • Present supportive items if available
         • Refutation
           • Think about the opposite's arguments
             • Explain why you disagree with the opponent's points
           • Substantiation and Proof
             • Use examples to state your case.
       • Explain your subject
     • Get the attention of the audience

2. Rogerian Approach

   • Introduction
     • Briefly presenting the topic
     • A neutral statement of the opponent's position
       • Understanding the information the opponent is giving
         • Be open to the information
         • Be less one sided and try to see the other point of view
       • A neutral statement and explaination
         • In a non confrontational way explaining your thoughts and ideas
         • Analysis
           • Finding out what both topics have in common
             • How could topics be used in support of each other
           • Proposal
             • Ideas on how to resolve the issue so both parties will benefit

3. Toulmin Approach

   • Claim
     • Statement or actions of a concept
       • Asking others to accept your thoughts
     • Grounds
       • Presenting the facts of the claim
         • Explain your knowledge of the claim
       • Warrant
         • This is the part where the claim is proven to be true
           • Supporting the facts
         • Backing
           • Adding in additional information to support the idea.
             • State a fact about the concept
           • Qualifyer
             • Making the point stronger by saying always or usually